What is Enterprise Information Architecture?
Question:
Discuss about the Enterprise Information Architecture For an Her System.
Information today has become the core of any organization regardless of the type. It is therefore important for an organization to collect and ensure that information is modelled to meet the quality expected by the recipients and at the right time. Ensuring the three functionalities has not been easy; however, the Enterprise Information Architecture (EIA) approach was designed and introduced early 1980s as a subdomain of information architecture (IA). Basically, EIA is defined as “a high-level map of the information requirements of an organization. It is a personnel-, organization-, and technology-independent profile of the major information categories used within an enterprise “(Brancheau & Wetherbe 1986). Data being the preliminary information form, EIA can be considered as a stretch to enterprise data architecture, having the information considered as data in the context.
Research has shown that the relationship between enterprise business processes and its enterprise information architecture (EIA) is very important for the success of the organization. These findings were derived from several years of challenges in EIA design and resulted into numerous proposals such as James Martin’s proposal of Information Engineering (IE) that proposed development of information strategy to cater for enterprises in future and also demonstrated the use of business processes to construct models of information in an organization. (Adenuga, Kekwaletswe & Coleman, 2015)
Enterprise Information Architecture Reference Architecture
Most patients are, at this point, used to seeing their medicinal services suppliers place notes into a PC amid office visits. Despite the fact that the move from paper-based to advanced frameworks has taken longer for the human services industry than others, U.S. doctor’s facilities and clinical practices for instance, were given a lift in embracing electronic records as a feature of the 2009 Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act . (Adenuga, Kekwaletswe & Coleman, 2015).
The HITECH Act set the objective of enhancing general patient care by giving clinicians auspicious access to all the data they requirement for better analyses and patient results. Starting at 2014, 76 percent of U.S. doctor’s facilities had officially received an essential electronic wellbeing record (EHR) keeping system. In any case, for doctor’s facilities and centers to take full favorable position of the advantages that electronic records can give, they should move past simply contributing fundamental patient data into frameworks where that data turns into a basic piece of overseeing tolerant care at all levels. Figure 1 below shows the proposed Architecture . (Adenuga, Kekwaletswe & Coleman, 2015).
Figure 1
There are many benefits an EIA RA approach can provide to guide development of a EHR system. Below are some of the benefits
Providers should put more efforts to have thorough and dynamic patient-focused track records that take care of continuum over the patient’s lifetime, in critical conditions as well as when they are healthy. With composed and constant records of patients gives a comprehensive general view of patients wellbeing for special analysis and overal treatment.
Importance of Enterprise Information Architecture in Healthcare
With advanced record keeping, health practitioners will be in a position to organize and monitor persistent care carefully over practices and offices. For example, some clinics offer a “one-stop mind” framework that enables the administration of patient demands office visits, testing, surgery, and doctor’s facility visits under one rooftop so administrations can be facilitated and planned through the span of a solitary visit, as opposed to tedious numerous visits. Clinicians crosswise over fortes and teaches likewise work together on persistent results as a group to guarantee better care.
The ability to share information transversely finished controls, qualities, medicate stores, specialist’s offices and emergency response gatherings and furthermore have on-ask for access to diagrams by methods for mobile phones considers better and all the more propitious essential initiative, particularly in fundamental conditions.
EHRs increment profitability and productivity while eliminating printed material. Patients and staff have fewer structures to round out, leaving clinicians with more opportunity to see patients. Referrals and medicines can be sent rapidly, cutting sit tight circumstances for arrangements and pickups. Programmed updates can tell patients when it’s the ideal opportunity for yearly checkups or caution them as they approach points of reference that require customary screenings. With incorporated patient following, charging and protection cases can be recorded in a convenient way.
Continuous information accumulation takes into consideration more noteworthy personalization of care, enabling suppliers to address medical problems in a preventive way. Additionally, ‘enormous information’ investigation and amassed persistent information might have the capacity to caution suppliers to bigger wellbeing patterns, for example, potential flare-ups and which influenza strains are noticeable amid every influenza season (Ross, Weill & Robertson, 2016).
Advanced records and joined particular strategies can generally cut definitive expenses, including reducing the prerequisite for interpretations, physical diagram accumulating, coding and claims organization, and moreover reassuring thought coordination and diminishing the time it takes for printed duplicate exchanges among clinicians, labs, medicate stores and prosperity outlines (Ross, Weill and Robertson, 2016).
Digital records take into consideration better following and more institutionalized documentation of patient collaborations, which can possibly lessen blunder. With computerized paper trails, obscured penmanship in clinicians’ notes or medicines is not any more an issue and coding for strategies or charging is less demanding. Coordinated frameworks can likewise be set to signal medication cooperation’s and different markers of potential damage (Ross, Weill & Robertson, 2016).
Information management and integration has been a major challenge in healthcare settings. This has been as a result of different data being handled in different departments differing highly in terms of sensitivity. This has made it hard for these departments to be linked since it has resulted into major data breaches. The Health industry has been the objective of more significant information breaks than many other industries. The Identity Theft Resource Center detailed that 44% of all ruptures influenced the medicinal services industry. This thinks about to the moderately tiny 3.7% that influence the money related industry. Not exclusively are information breaks in the medicinal services industry visit, however, they are expensive. As indicated by a report by IBM and Ponemon Institute, human services information breaks cost $363 per record, the most astounding rate among ventures. With the commonness and cost of human services information ruptures, you may ask why the health industry is so powerless and what makes it so appealing to programmers. There are some reasons why healthcare sector has been a favorite goal of information breaches (America, 2009).
Benefits of EIA for Healthcare Providers
Private data can be utilized to perpetrate lucrative medicinal extortion Stolen electronic therapeutic records permit digital hoodlums to acquire restorative administrations and items under affectations. Restorative gear and medications obtained are then exchanged through the Dark Web. Data, for example, protection and Medicare numbers can be utilized to record false claims. As indicated by the Medical Identity Fraud Alliance, Medicare extortion cost $6 billion over a 2-year time frame (Raghupathi& Raghupathi, 2014).
Since medicinal services data can be utilized to acquire profitable items and administrations, programmers offer social insurance data on the bootleg market for $10 per record, 10 to 20 times more than budgetary data (Raghupathi& Raghupathi, 2014).
Clinical trials give the chance to take licensed innovation CenterWatch reports that, in 2013, the FDA’s Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research endured a rupture of 14,000 records associated with clinical research. While a few information misfortunes in clinical trials might be caused by the indiscretion of scientists, research might be focused by remote country states that need to take pharmaceutical prized formulas (America, 2009). With the stolen information, remote nations can offer new medications for sale to the public without paying for innovative work. Breaks of clinical trial research can bargain the outcomes and make the scientists lose fundamental financing for ebb and flow and future undertakings.
Restorative focuses are helpless against coercion through ransomware-HealthITSecurity revealed the most recent in a string of ransomware assaults against medicinal services associations. In May, Allergy, Asthma and Immunology of the Rockies, P.C. seen that they were experiencing issues getting to records. Workers found a draft of a payment letter in the framework. Fortunately, they had quite recently refreshed their firewall, however 6,851 records containing individual human services data, test results, and Social Security numbers were influenced (America, 2009). The assault on this Colorado-based medicinal services association was gone before by assaults on MedStar Health and Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center. Programmers exploit the earnestness of therapeutic care to compel association to pay ransoms. Hollywood Presbyterian payed $17,000 in bitcoin as opposed to hinder indispensable medicinal services administrations (America, 2009).
Expanded utilization of cell phones leaves frameworks helpless against malware-InformationWeek announced that 51% of specialists utilize tablets and 74% of them utilize cell phones professionally. Straightforwardness Market Research predicts that the market for versatile checking and symptomatic gadgets will top $8 billion by 2019.The notoriety of cell phones in human services have expanded access to therapeutic administrations and enabled patients to be more proactive about their wellbeing time permitting. Be that as it may, these favorable circumstances are not without their dangers. Utilizing portable applications opens doctor’s facility frameworks to malware contaminations. Exchanging delicate social insurance information over the Wi-Fi out in the open spots puts it in danger of being stolen or physically seen by prying eyes (Brennan, 2017).
Exchange of information between individuals from restorative group opens delicate information to unapproved get to. The openness of electronic wellbeing records adds to chance. Electronic records make tolerant data less demanding for specialists to share so they can counsel with each other on finding and treatment. Patients can likewise effortlessly get to their human services data through patient entries. In any case, data may not be scrambled and passwords might be passed along by individuals from a broad restorative staff until the point that entrance is difficult to control (Brennan, 2017).
Conclusion
Businesses can move toward becoming “unhealthy” by broken metadata associations, an ailment to the business which is not easily noticeable all things considered, but rather one that costs time, cash and dissolves businesses aggressive edge. The cure, an emphasis on architecture approach adjusts the organization metadata, reconnects all the broken touch points and builds correspondence and cooperation over the organization. With metadata being connected all over the organization to flow smoothly between business process definitions, applied information definitions and the consistent/physical executions, a business will start to reestablish its agility and ”wellbeing”. By making the principal developmental stride in this procedure the business will realize an upgrade of institutionalized business dialect and information reliability, which greatly reduces the time taken to coordinate generation frameworks in current business environment, and will develop into an architected organization.
Hospital information systems should be maintained to limit the danger of information security. In any case, these frameworks need to keep up a fitting harmony amongst security and execution. Doctors are under monstrous weight every day, and they should have the capacity to get to and transfer information to the different frameworks they use without breaking a sweat. There are numerous ways innovation merchants can help to guarantee doctor’s facility frameworks are both secured and useful. For instance, an expanding number of innovation organizations are moving their servers to private mists that offer techniques for remotely controlling the level of execution control. This gives the capacity to safely support execution when healing facilities require quicker framework get to.
Health facilities ought to likewise mull over framework usefulness while assessing information security. A commonplace doctor may spend up to half of their day performing regulatory assignments, and the best frameworks should enable them to organize and finish these occupations as proficiently as would be prudent. These extended functionalities ought to reduce the weight of regulatory errands so doctors can invest more energy in quiet care, and now and again they can likewise help limit security dangers. For instance, specialists could extraordinarily profit by utilizing a safe talk apparatus incorporated with their healing facility’s framework foundation that enables them to safely examine case advancements with mind groups and counseling doctors. A framework with this level of usefulness keeps mind groups from sending unsecure messages or instant messages containing touchy patient data.
Innovation is always developing, so a clinic’s safety efforts should adjust to keep up a high-level of insurance as new modules or programming stages are included to a focal framework. For instance, cell phones are one of the greatest advancements that information pros have needed to represent as of late. As more doctors and staff individuals utilize cell phones to catch persistent information, healing facilities should take measures to guarantee information put away on these nearby gadgets is encoded until the point that it can be transferred to the focal framework.
Adenuga, O. A., Kekwaletswe, R. M. & Coleman, A., 2015. eHealth integration and i nteroperability issues: towards a solution through enterprise architecture. [Online] Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13755-015-0009-7
America, C. o., 2009. HITEC Act. [Online] Available at: https://www.healthit.gov/sites/default/files/hitechactexcerptfromarrawithindex.pdf #%5B%7B%22num%22%3A10%2C%22gen%22%3A0%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3 A%22Fit%22%7D%5D
Brennan, P., 2017. Is the EHR the New Big Data?. [Online] Available at: https://datascience.nih.gov/BlogIsTheEHR
Raghupathi, W. & Raghupathi, V., 2014. Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential. [Online] Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/2047-2501-2-3
Ross, J. W., Weill, P., & Robertson, D. (2016). Enterprise architecture as strategy: Creating a foundation for business execution. Harvard Business Press.
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