What is Robotics and its role in management?
Discuss about the Future Progress in Artificial Intelligence.
According to Ashrafian, Darzi and Athanasiou (2015), robotics is the branch of engineering as well as science. It has been observed that mechanical engineering, computer science as well as electronics engineering are included in robotics management. It has been observed that robotics is concerned with design and construction of robots. It is also concerned with operation as well as usage of robots, along with computer systems for controlling the robots, sensory feedback as well as information processing. It has been observed that robots are often used for detecting the bombs. They are also used for deactivating the bombs. It should be noted that robots are capable of taking any disguise but there are some robots who look like human beings. They are designed for replicating actions done by humans. Like humans, robots can walk, talk, lift etc. In the opinion of Jinet al. (2018), there are many robots that can do jobs which seems to be hazardous for human beings. It has been noticed that robots can defuse bobs, can search survivors from the ruins. Not only this, robots ate also capable of ding tasks like exploring mines along with shipwrecks. It has been found that Robotics is used in teaching sector. It is used in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering as well as Mathematics.
As per Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics, robots are not allowed to cause any kind of harm. Robots need to adhere to the instructions given to them by humans without breaching rules. In addition to this, robots need to safeguard themselves without breaching other rules. In accordance with the opinion ofHuang, Chen and Li(2018), artificial intelligence gives importance to the formation of machines which works as well as react like people. Artificial Intelligence is a branch of computer science. In accordance with the opinion of Tirgul and Naik(2016), artificial intelligence refers to the capability of the digital computer to complete task which is mainly associated with people. The main purpose of artificial intelligence is to formulate systems which understand and think like human beings. In the opinion of Huang, Chen and Li(2018), It aim is to formulate systems which learns as well as behave like people. On the other hand, Russell and Norvig (2016) commented that artificial intelligence replicates ‘cognitive’ functions, which individuals related with rest human minds like ‘learning’ as well as ‘problem solving’. In other words, artificial intelligence is stimulation of the human intelligence procedures by machines. Learning, reasoning as well as self-correction are included in its procedures. It has been observed that artificial intelligence can be categorized into weak artificial intelligence and strong artificial intelligence. In 1956, John McCarthy, an American computer scientist has coined the term ’artificial intelligence’. It has been noticed that Weak AI has been designed as well as trained for the particular task. The other name of weak AI is narrow AI. It has been observed that the strong AI has been designed as well as trained for resolving any sort of issues. In other words, strong AI applies its intelligence for offering solutions to any sort of complex problems (Bond and Gasser 2014).
Overview of Artificial Intelligence and its purpose
It has been observed that about 70, 000 doctors are working in the medical industry of Australia as per 2011 statistics. About 43, 400 General Practitioners (GPs) as well as 25, 400 specialist doctors work at Australia (Abs.gov.au, 2018).It has been observed that artificial intelligence and robotics has transformed our lives. It has been noticed that nowadays, robotic surgery has gained immense popularity among the doctors, especially the surgeons. It has been observed that a highly trained surgeon is required for controlling the robot in order to remove infected cells from the body of the person. It has been observed that robotic surgery is less painful than that of the traditional surgery. In addition to this, a less bleeding occurs at the time of robotic surgery (Abs.gov.au, 2018). Softwares are capable of detecting tumors in technology is capable of detecting tumors at the initial stage. Not only this, a cheap and effective manner. Diagnostic imaging technology, a form of artificial intelligence is capable of detecting tumors with more accuracy than that of any person. However, patients are showing interests to take help of new technologies like artificial intelligence and robotics because they want quick recovery from their illnesses. The framework of connecting medical devices, which is also known as internet of medical things (IoMT) is made possible due to the resurgence of artificial intelligence management (Accountantsdaily.com.au 2018).
It is seen that nowadays medical practitioner’s reviews as well as interprets the mammograms 30 times quicker due to the emergence of artificial intelligence. In most of the cases, 99% accuracy is achieved by doctors while reviewing as well as interpreting the mammograms (Accountantsdaily.com.au 2018). In future, it might happen that doctors are replaced by robots at the time of detecting, or diagnosing the diseases of the patients. In this context, it can be stated that artificial intelligence along with robotics is becoming an important aspect of our life (Yang et al. 2018) In other words, there are high chances that medical practitioners might lose their jobs due to emergence of artificial intelligence along with robotics.
In accordance with the opinion of Ashrafian, Darzi and Athanasiou (2015), it is expected by the surgeons that robots can perform the complex tasks more efficiently than that of human beings. It has been observed that robotics has been used in curing heart diseases of the patients (Spiro, Bruce and Brewer 2017). In this context, it can be stated that robotic prostatectomy has been used in private health and social care settings of Australia for treating prostate cancer (Accountantsdaily.com.au 2018). Robotic miral valve surgery has been used for curing patients suffering from heart failures. It has been observed that robotic surgery is much more expensive than that of normal surgery. It costs a minimum of $5000 more than that of normal surgery (Abc.net.au 2018). It has been observed that if a patient is suffering from prostate cancer and opts for robotic surgery, then he or she might not have to take chemotherapy and can return home within 24 hours.
Impact of robotics and AI in medical industry of Australia
In 2014, about 5231 taxies had carried 42,000, 000 passengers in Victoria, Australia. In 2014, about 7162 taxies are carrying 174, 600, 000 passengers in New South Wales, Australia (Atia.com.au 2018). Global Positioning System (GPS) can be explained as the navigation technology which provides information about a place or the location. It has been noticed GPS, a new kind of artificial intelligence has helped the taxi owners of Australia the address of consumers. It has also aided the taxi drivers to obtain the details of destination chosen by the consumer. In the opinion of Ding et al. (2018), artificial intelligence is imprinted on every gadget like washing machines, cars, automobiles, mobile phones etc. It is expected that autonomous cars including taxis will dominate the competitive market of Australia (Wang et al. 2018).These autonomous cars will curtail job of many individuals. It is expected that these driverless cars including taxies will take over the market of Australia by 2020 (Atia.com.au 2018). Not only this, approximately 40% jobs will become automated by the year of 2025 (Atia.com.au 2018). As a result, many people will become jobless and this is raising concerns among the common people staying in Australia.
In the opinion of Müller and Bostrom (2016), self-driving taxis will save more fuel in comparison with normal taxis. In this context, it can be stated that networked car fleets will decrease consumption of energy by decreasing traffic congestion (Kim et al. 2016). This is also applicable for taxis of Australia. It has been observed that it might happen in future that robot drivers are driving the taxis instead of humans. It has been observed that most of the accidents happens due to mistakes committed by drivers. In this context, it can be stated that in order to avoid accidents, robots can drive the taxis of Australia. In this regard, it can be stated that there are high possibilities that many drivers will lose their jobs. Therefore, the individuals are feeling scared of losing their job. It has been observed that within the next 4-5 years, robotic taxis will capture the market of Australia (Fei et al. 2018). It is expected that these taxis can be summoned completely autonomous taxis by people through their mobile devices. It is expected that these taxis will pick up the passengers from their home and take them to the nearest metro station. It has been observed that autonomous taxis will save the consumption of energy than that of the normal taxis. It has been noticed that robot taxis can carry at least 60% of its passengers (Steels and Brooks 2018). As commented by Huang, Chen and Li (2018), number of taxies will be reduced by at least 40% after the emergence of autonomous cars in the streets of Australia. As a result, there will be few taxi manufacturers in the market. It becomes easier for the taxi owners to track the location of these automated taxis they do not have to monitor the activities of the driver. These robot taxies are capable of saving fuel. From the perspective of Steels and Brooks (2018), resurgence robot taxies will cause uncertainty in the employment sector because many of the cabdrivers will lose their job and the will become completely unemployed. Therefore, a sense of fear and uncertainty regarding job loss is associated with the introduction of robotics in Australian taxi industry.
The role of GPS and autonomous taxis in the transportation industry
It has been observed that robots are often used as teaching tools in the educational institutes. Steels and Brooks (2018)commented that robots are used within the premises of schools for teaching them subjects like Mathematics, Science along with language. It is seen that students seem to enjoy this human-like communication with the robots. On the contrary, teachers do not believe in the technical abilities of a robot. These tutors do not want these robots to become teachers for the children. They want to control the activities of the robot. In this context, Russell and Norvig (2016) commented that a majority of the students want more expression as well as emotions from the robot. In other words, they want the robot to be more expressive whenever the robot communicates with them. It is seen that smaller robots are usually used for teaching robotics and computer science. It has been observed that humanoids are capable of offering real-time feedback. Kim et al. (2016) asserted that the physical shape of humanoid enhances engagement. In this regard, it can be commented that this kind of humanoid is capable of offering solutions to various problems such as shyness and reluctance, which might arise at the time of dealing with the human teacher. Not only this, humanoid is capable of providing solutions to different problems such as frustration as well as confidence which might arise at the time of communicating with the human teacher (Tirgul and Naik 2016).
It has been found that tutor also remotely connects to students of classroom through robot. This is another way of teaching English to its students. It has been observed that inaccurate speech and emotion recognition are some of the technological limitations of humanoid robots. From the perspective of Steels and Brooks (2018), admission procedure can be completed quickly through the usage of artificial intelligence. In addition to this, AI is of decreasing the excessive pressure of the tutors by streamlining the process of admission. It is expected that human grading system will be soon replaced by automated machines Fei et al. (2018). Automating the procedure of paperwork along with support for the learners with common questions through chatbot as well as interactive website materials improves the procedures for the administrators as well as students (Fei et al. 2018). In other words, it can be stated that it becomes easier for administrators that they do not have to do paperwork; they can rely on machines for doing the paperwork with more accuracy. On the other hand, students are getting educational support from chatbot in order to get admission in schools and colleges. Therefore, it is expected that teachers will lose jobs after the emergence of machines. Moreover, the emergence of robots and machines has created a sense of fear as well as insecurity among the humans. In other words, incorporation of artificial intelligence as well as robots in the schools and colleges will compel the authorities to curtail the jobs of several tutors and administrations. In the opinion of Bond and Gasser (2014), it will create a negative impact on the employment sector of Australia.
Use of robots as teaching tools in the education industry
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it can be stated that machines are replacing humans at the workplace. In some cases, teachers are controlling robots for teaching diverse subjects to their students. In addition to this, medical practitioners also control robots at the time of surgeries. It has been observed that artificial intelligence along with robotics is considered as an indispensable aspect of life. Highly experienced people are operating the robots. Individuals with vast knowledge in computer science and health informatics can handle artificial intelligence in an appropriate manner. Not only this, people having thorough knowledge in information has technology as well as engineering handled artificial intelligence as well as robotics. In other words, highly experienced individuals with knowledge in subjects like computer science, engineering, information technology, health informatics can incorporate artificial intelligence as well as robotics in their respective fields. It has been observed that many skilled professionals have to lose their employment as machines will take over the employment sector. As a result, the leaders as well as the managers will have to terminate many employees in order to incorporate artificial intelligence and robotics in a proper manner. In other words, the managers along with leaders will have to curtail the jobs of several employees that might create a condition of social unrest. On the other hand, termination of these employees might create disappointment as well as resentment among the skilled employees, which can create a negative impact on the performance. As a result, the overall productivity of the respective organizations gets hampered in the due procedure. The advent of robots as well as artificial intelligence might cause problems for the leaders, managers and the employees as they might find it difficult to handle such updated technologies. In this context, it can be stated that there are many employees including managers as well as leaders who faces issues in dealing with artificial intelligence as well as robotics that is becoming an integral part of our daily life. In this context, it can be stated that there are many companies where there is no training facility for leaders and managers. In such cases, it becomes difficult for the managers as well as leaders to effectively handle such modern technologies like artificial intelligence and robotics. It has been observed that mainly the older generation is facing trouble in handling artificial intelligence as well as robotics in comparison with young generation of Australia. It is expected that managers along with leaders might lose their jobs due to the resurgence of artificial intelligence and robotics. As a result, they are expressing their uncertainty and fear when they are asked by their hierarchy to handle these advanced forms of technologies.
References
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