Great Barrier Reef
Discuss about the Environmental Effects on Great Barrier Reef and its Economic Impact.
The paper deals with a brief summary on the great barriers reef of Australia. It discusses demand and supply of certain resources of Australia. In addition, it also gives a brief note on environmental impact and condition of great barriers reef. The report concludes by drawing effective measure and polices for the protection and creation of sustainable environment and natural resources.
It is consider as largest reef in the world. It includes nearly 2900 individual coral reefs and more than 850 islands situated in Queensland at Coral Sea of Australia (Authority 2017). The government of Australia aims at reducing the impact of climatic condition that will directly affect the health of the species and ecosystem in a positive way. It also included in Seven Wonders of the World. Tourism industry earned around $5 billion in 2005. There was a rapid increase in the income of $1 billion in this industry from the year 2003 onwards. Economy of Australia and Queensland earned a revenue growth from the tourism branch of reef. The Great Barrier Reef marine park provides with the greatest natural benefits and treasurers for the betterment of the future wellbeing and species (Chartrand et al. 2017). The great barriers reef considered one of the most universally accepted and valued reef. There is only one target and aim of Australian government that is to protect and manage the Great Barrier Reef environment. The government of Australia and queens land in partnership invested nearly 200 billion dollar for the caring of the Great Barrier Reef (Davis et al. 2017).
Economics deals with two broad heads demand and supply of economic goods and services with an aim of creating profit. Demand is the necessity or the wants made by the consumers or the customers. It means the willingness to purchase a commodity in exchange of money at a place called market. It includes the factors of price and quantity. Demand includes with the rise in price creates less demand and opposite way, fall in price creates more demand and purchasing power for the product rises. Demand is the necessity, wants of the consumer, demanded by the demanders. Demand is always downward sloping curve, movements in demand is dependent on other economic variables or the factors like quantity and output (Grech, Pressey and Day, 2016).
Demand and supply of certain resources of Australia
Supply on the other side means the fulfilling of those wants and willingness made by the consumers or the customers. Supply rises with good production and investments. Supply depends on market factors, technology, and production unit and price factor. According the supply law, Supply rises with the rise in price and quantity (Hofman and Hughes 2017; Abc.net.au 2017).
There are various factors of demand and supply gets affect in great barriers reef due to negative environmental impact. Due to degradation of land and other environmental issues, it will leads to decline in the economic growth of the country. Various factors create changes in the movement in the demand curve. If the economic activity goes down it will create poverty and unemployment in this place. There will be poor growth in tourism industry, fishing industry, mining industry and the agricultural sector (Kroon et al. 2016). Creation of more natural resources will create more business in fishing and other agricultural sectors thereby creating good growth for the economy of great barriers reef. There must be more and more demand for natural and human made resources in order to protect the environment of great barriers reef.
Climatic conditions as uncertain, therefore cannot give accurate information. Sustainability depends entirely on climate conditions; thereby better climate creates more business growth and opportunities. Environment or climate conditions can affect the business in many ways. There can be frequent fluctuations in the condition of weather that can create damage to natural resources, disturbances in water supply, customers are unable to go and purchase, or business person unable to provide sufficient supply of goods to the consumers. Nearly 2000 people engage in fishing business.
When there is no purchase or selling of goods and services, the market faces with decline in the supply and demand sector as production comes down due to bad weather. The market do not seems to run smoothly in cases of bad weather condition. In terms of global trading also, the market gets affect because of bad conditions of climate
Pollution consider as one major threat to the environment of reef. Decline in the quality of water, it created water pollution in the region. The northeast part of the Australia polluted the 90 percent reef during the arrival of flood. Nearly 80 percent land is engaged in farming sector including intensive cropping and cattle grazing. Because of overgrazing practices, farming sector affected severely. There are serious health concerns for the coral lives and the biodiversity. Due to fragile in the behavior of coral reefs, it creates a sensitive issue in relation to climate change (Morrison 2017; Abc.net.au 2017). Ecosystems below and above the eco system are at severe risks due to increase in the temperature. On addition, it is a risk for the human beings also due to change in climatic conditions. Local tourists and fishing sector gets big amount of help from reef. Problems in reef will create problems in other things also.
Environmental effects of Great Barriers reef
In case of industrial sector, there is creation of several ports in the great barriers reef. Creation of ports will result in degradation of land, again it creates problem in shipping, leading to environmental problems on the coastal and marine sectors. In case of fishing department, there is low management in commercial and indigenous sector. There is a requirement of good and proper management of fishing sector.
Creation of sustainable environment in great barriers reef will increase the growth of the country. Sustainable business environment includes social and cultural factors, economic factors and environmental factors when carried out efficiently without any wastage of resources create sustainable business. Economic factors deals with economic variables like production, consumption, demand supply and income effect, when carried out efficiently achieves profit. Social factor involves social welfare maximization. The environmental factor includes caring of natural resources and protection of the environment in great barriers reef. This will largely creates green business environment in the great barriers reef. Use of environment friendly resources will create cost saving and more natural resources. Sustainable business depends on the climate change that directly relates to the environment condition of the country.
Effective measures to cure such problems include identification of climatic risk and pollution issues at great barriers reef. Once a risk identified the next stage is to structure out effective plans to solve the risk. Third stage deals with the implantation of the structured plans, lastly, to forecast about the future risk on the life and species of the great barriers reef. In sum, a proper set management plan for risk and threat analysis for the preservation of natural resources. Creating good management and proper plans for climate risk can help the business in crisis, thereby will also help in improving the financial and economical conditions thus carets sustainability in the business. There are other kinds of problems like supply process, work culture and behavior of consumer. For sustainability, in order to create strong level of production, there must be good scale of production units in terms of raw materials, prices, quality and technology. Poor quality in the production will lead to decline in the business growth of great barriers reef. If production factors work efficiently automatically, output will be strong creating more demand for the goods. Government of Australia imposes certain rules, standards, business ethics and work culture for maintaining the ecosystem of the great barriers reef. Future of great barriers reef depends on the caring of the biodiversity and encourage for more and more sustainability.
Effective steps and functions of key policyholders
The Australian government is looking forward for the sustainability and protection of natural resources. The management plan of 2050 for Great Barriers Reef released by the government of Australia and Queensland in 2015 for the well protection and caring of the species and the environment. A written commitment made on the preservation of the reef for the benefit of the present as well as future generation. It includes a desired set plan in addition to short and long-term management of the reef. It promises to address the climatic and other environmental threats for the protection of environment and nature (Wilson and Verlis 2017; Abc.net.au 2017).
Conclusion
The report deals with the detailed information on the great barriers reef of Australia. Using the economic variable like demand and supply of certain resources of great barriers reef in relation to environmental impact explained in the given paper. It also provides with brief information on the environmental condition of great barriers reef. it analyses the overall problem of great barriers reef and thereby gives certain government policies and plans for the betterment of the great barriers reef.
Figure 1: Impact on demand and supply on certain resources
By creating more natural and environmental resources, it will create less cost and more production leading to more demand and output for the product. Thereby impact of certain resources has a positive impact on demand and supply.
References
Abc.net.au 2017. Mining lobbyists deny urging Great Barrier Reef experts to ignore climate change. [online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-02/lobbyists-deny-urging-reef-experts-to-ignore-climate-change/8766412 [Accessed 27 Aug. 2017].
Authority, G.B.R.M.P., 2017. Cumulative impact management policy: Draft for public consultation.
Chartrand, K.M., Bryant, C.V., Carter, A.B., Ralph, P.J. and Rasheed, M.A., 2017. Light thresholds to prevent dredging impacts on the Great Barrier Reef seagrass, Zostera muelleri ssp. capricorni. Front. Bridging the Gap Between Policy and Science in Assessing the Health Status of Marine Ecosystems, 3, p.298
Davis, A.M., Pearson, R.G., Brodie, J.E. and Butler, B., 2017. Review and conceptual models of agricultural impacts and water quality in waterways of the Great Barrier Reef catchment area. Marine and Freshwater Research, 68(1), pp.1-19.
Grech, A., Pressey, R.L. and Day, J.C., 2016. Coal, cumulative impacts, and the great barrier reef. Conservation Letters, 9(3), pp.200-207
Hofman, K. and Hughes, K., 2017. Protecting the Great Barrier Reef: analysing the impact of a conservation documentary and post-viewing strategies on long-term conservation behaviour. Environmental Education Research, pp.1-16.
Kroon, F.J., Thorburn, P., Schaffelke, B. and Whitten, S., 2016. Towards protecting the Great Barrier Reef from land?based pollution. Global change biology, 22(6), pp.1985-2002.
Morrison, T.H., 2017. Evolving polycentric governance of the Great Barrier Reef. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, p.201620830.
Wilson, S.P. and Verlis, K.M., 2017. The ugly face of tourism: Marine debris pollution linked to visitation in the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 117(1), pp.239-246.
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