Project Objective
Job Satisfaction is the concept which has a prime importance in the hospitality sector. It is job satisfaction which determines the quality of services by the employees and thus, customer satisfaction is created (Anand, 2018). There are many job satisfaction factors which affect the level of satisfaction in employees in regards to their job. Job satisfaction can be explained as the measure of the employees’ satisfaction with their job. It is the feeling of content with the job and its responsibilities. It is an extent to which the employees feels motivated and satisfied with the job (Khamisa, et. al., 2015).
The research is based on the study of factors affecting job satisfaction of the employees in the hospitality sector of Australia. Hospitality industry is the service industry where the level of quality of service by the employees is of utmost importance to have a good Client base. For this, it is important to keep employees satisfied. There are many factors which keeps an employees satisfied in their job like compensation, training and development, business environment, supervision, perks and motivation and may more factors.
The research will be conducted by reviewing the literature from various sources and by framing n opinion on the same. The data will be collected from sources like journals, books and other online sources.
The main objective of the project is:
- To identify the factors which affect job satisfaction of the employees in the hospitality sector of Australia.
- To find out the most important factor among all which affects job satisfaction the most
- To find out the satisfaction level of the employees in hospitality sector in Australia
The scope of the project is wide as hospitality sector is much in discussion and thousands of employees are fighting for good jobs in the sector. It is to be measured that which factors satisfies them the most. Also, all the factors which affect the job satisfaction of employees in this sector especially in Australia. This study will be helpful in investing in the sector and in conducting the further research on the subject. It also helps in giving managerial decisions for the business management in the industry.
Job satisfaction can be referred to the degree to which the person likes his/her job. The human sensations and satisfaction is been affected by the external and internal factors of job. When the employees are hired, they have certain set of expectations and needs which forms their negative or positive attitude towards job. This forms their level of job satisfaction. When this expectation is met by the employer, the employee seems satisfied and vice versa when these expectations are not fulfilled.
The hospitality sector is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world which is a very good source of revenue for the country. This revenue helps in the economic growth of the nation. The hospitality sector of Australia is at boom. It is predicted to get a boom and reach at $167 billion by the year 2025 which will play even a bigger role in the country’s growth. This sector provides employment to thousands of employees. In Australia, there are many hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and tourism companies which provides employment to the population. It is very dependent on the overall growth of the economy that the employees gets satisfied or dissatisfied. There are many other factors which affect the job satisfaction of the employees work in the industry. Many authors have given their views and opinions on the matter and every one differs from each other. The factors like technology, growth of industry, globalisation, demographic factors and many more.
Project Scope
Job satisfaction has been one of the most researched variable for the researchers. This world is like a global village where the job seekers are expected to be more engaged in the organisation. They are expected to be more committed to the organisation and to achieve the common goals and objectives. The companies of today are much more dynamic and complex than it used to be. Work organisations function and operate in a very competitive environment. Human capital is the most important for the organisations especially in service organisations as it helps organisation to create and retain clients/ customers of the business. It is the service of the human resources which impact the overall satisfaction of the employees (Parvin and Kabir, 2011). According to Dizgah, Chegini and Bisokhan (2012), the job performance of an employee shows the level of satisfaction it has from the job. Job satisfaction is important to improve the job satisfaction and also in enhancing the overall image of the company in the market. The managers also tend to enhance the job satisfaction of the workers. Some of the organisations nowadays are conducting surveys to know the actual lookout of employees for the organisation so that they can take necessary steps as per the survey results. The author further explains the Job performance. Job performance can be understood as the set of behaviour of a person which is shown in relation to his job. Job satisfaction, on the other hand, is the total satisfaction of human at his job. The employees are hired with a set of expectations form the company and the company also expects a set of efforts from them. The reactions of organisation sets the overall perception of an employee for the job. It is often believed that productivity of a happy and satisfied worker is higher. It is true also as job satisfaction is always related to the job performance of an employee. Job satisfaction does not only lead to higher productivity but also more responsibility towards organisation, better physical and mental health and more engagement. Job satisfaction is also related to the employee retention. When employees are satisfied, they are often retained by the organisation. So, there is a positive correlation between job satisfaction and employee retention.
As per Sherekar, Tatikonda and Student (2016), the business of hospitality in Australia is huge and it is employing millions of people in the business setups like Hotels, restaurants, cafes and more. The jobs like of managers, waiters, cleaners, bartenders, etc. are given to the employees in different businesses. These employees are supposed to provide best services to the customers so that they can visit again and again and the business expands. In service organisations, it depends on the employees whether customer will choose the same service again or will reach out to some other company for the same service. This helps Australia to generate revenue, promote hospitality and also in giving jobs to people. Hospitality sector requires manpower to carry on its operations. This proves that the success of the business clearly relies on the performance of the worker and the satisfaction towards their job. When a worker’s performs better in the business, they are able to earn more and become more satisfied eventually. So, job performance and job satisfaction are positively related to each other. There are many other factors which affect the job satisfaction of the workers in the hospitality sector of Sydney.
Literature Review
In accordance with Fu, W and Deshpande (2014), relationship at work is one factor which is on of the most important factor affecting employee job performance. The working attitudes of co-workers and managers affect the morale of an employee to work or not to work in the company. There are many ways through which better relationships can be maintained at a workplace. Like the immediate manager or supervisor can try to meet the needs of his employees more effectively so that the problems with immediate supervisor can be resolved. The supervisor should try to resolve the issues of the employees and should also understand the personal problems of the employees. It is also the communication between the different levels of management which supports the relationships between them. The autonomy an independence given to workers also impact job satisfaction of the employees. When the employees are given freedom and independence to take their own decisions at times and to give their inputs as well in the organisation’s decisions, they tend to me more satisfied. It improves employee engagement with the organisation. It motivates the workers to work more and with better quality and performance.
The second important factor is the development of career. When an employer provides a fair chance of growth and development in an organisation, employee feels more satisfied. The companies should keep on arranging training and development sessions for its employees. It should provide the chances of advancement and skill development classes so that the employees could become more responsible for their jobs and could also improve their personal life with the professional life. Business will definitely become more successful and productive when the employees will be up to date, more skilled and responsible. They know how to use their skills for the business and they collectively promote the organisation (Ali, 2008).
The next factor is the pay and promotions given to the workers by the business. The pay or compensation refers to all sort of financial pay and benefits which the organisation pay to the workers in return of their services to the organisation. The organisation pays base salary with the benefits of insurance, pensions and leaves. The updated pay from time to time helps employees in getting satisfaction from the job. Also, it motivates them to do more for the company so that their efforts can be acknowledged. Pay is the most important factor which helps employees staying with the business for a long time. It helps business in getting better services from the employees which will in turn bring more customers in the long term (Applebaum, et. al., 2010). The author further added that working environment is one of the important factors which affect the satisfaction level of the employee in the job. Working environment can be understood as the surroundings and the work environment which motivates or de motivates an employee to work for the organisation. Helpful and cordial working environment motivates a workers to give his bets to the organisation. It enhances the productivity, boosts confidence and also promote competitiveness in the organisation. When workers work in the good environment, they bring competitiveness and profitability to the business. When the employees enjoy their work and their workplace as well, they raise productivity of the organisation (Voon, et. al., 2011).
The Hospitality Sector of Australia
According to Menguc, et. al., (2016). The organisation should give more attention to the cooperation of the employees to achieve a common goal which is known as Team Spirit. The teams are formed in the organisations in order to complete the work together by putting skills and knowledge and achieve a common goal of the company. The team formed are supposed to have good team spirit. The positive team spirit brings success for the business sin the long run. The members working in a team are supposed to have good relations with each other and they help each other in meeting their targets. The work can be done much faster when there is positive vibes and relationships among the team members. It makes business more profitable and successful
As per Javed, Jaffari and Rahim (2014), stress can be the mental pressure which can be caused by the activities of the business. Job stress occurs when the worker is asked to function different from the normal course of routine activities of the worker. The pressure of targets, negative environment, peer pressure or personal conditions also can lead to the stress at job. The conflicts between the work and management, conflict with co-workers or inability to work properly can also lead to stress which can be sorted when dealt properly. The organisation should take necessary steps to make its employees stress-free. A stress-free employee can be much more productive than the one who is facing a lot of stress. It is organisation which can protect its employees from the stressful situations and circumstances. Excessive stress scan reduce the quality of work and so, the profitability will decrease gradually. It is a big concern for the companies nowadays. For this reason only, the companies have started adopting the friendly sessions with the employees, the fun and activity sessions where they can release their stress and focus more on themselves. This will definitely help employees to recover from any situation of stress employees are in. the companies have also started taking yoga and meditation sessions which releases the stress of the employees and creates a stress free environment at workplace.
As per Masvaure, Ruggunan and Maharaj, (2014), motivation is how employee puts his effort to achieve organisation goals. It is necessary that an employee gets motivated and work for the organisation because then only, he can give his best to the company. Motivation is when the company fulfils the demands and needs of the employee so that they provide their best services to the business in return. Motivation can be understood as the drive which lets an individual to achieve something. This helps employees to perform better at their job and this is well explained by the model of motivation given By Abraham Maslow in the Maslow hierarchy of needs theory. The theory explains that there are five different levels of needs which are fulfilled one after other. The need of the person starts from the basic or physiological needs like food, shelter and clothing. When this is fulfilled, the next level of need is safety needs which says that that an employee need safety, security and protection from any emotional or physical harm. Then comes, social needs which is a need for love and affection by an individual. It can be fulfilled with companion ship and friendship. Then, comes esteem needs like after getting social needs fulfilled, an employee will require self-esteem and respect. The ultimate level is of self-actualisation needs where an employee have a need of self-fulfilment. This model explains that the employees goes on step by step to fulfil their needs and this is how it is very important for the organisation to focus on the needs of an employee. Motivated employee is much more productive than a demotivated employee. It is always preferable for a company to arrange set ups where employee-employer meetings can be taken, sessions can be taken so that the regular communication between then can enhance the motivation of an employee. Communication make things transparent which is of prime importance in the case of employee-employer relationship. It is this relationship, on which the motivation, productivity and success of the organisation depends [See appendix 1].
The Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of Employees
As per Alkhyeli and Ewijk, (2018), motivational factors like the organisation, its environment, responsibility level, recognition, growth and development of career and job opportunities creates values for the employees and for the organisation as well. The employees must be highly motivated in order to be competitive and to achieve organisational goals.
In the opinion of Macdonald and Levy (2016), it is also seen that there is a difference in the level of job satisfaction between men and women. The job satisfaction level of Males are higher than the females. It is because the number of opportunities with females are lesser than that with males. The social norms and the biasness leads to the lesser opportunities with females which leads to dissatisfaction in them with their jobs. The male candidates are more concerned for the increase in salaries, higher posts, promotions and rewards. Female candidates are considered just for recruitment. Job satisfaction is also affected by the Age. As per Ssegawa (2014), age has a positive relationship with job satisfaction. This means that the satisfaction of an employee does not go down with the age. There are many other factors which affects the job satisfaction of employees along with age like income, gender, personal attitudes and surroundings. This shows that there are many factors which can affect the satisfaction level of the employees but salaries and pay will be the key factor which stands at the most important position.
A strong attempt has been made by the researcher for collecting the information on the topic of the research and many of the factors are been discussed which affect the job satisfaction level of the employees. The number of studies have been reviewed but they are restricted to few factors only. There are many other factors which affect the job satisfaction of employees like personal factors but these have not been taken into consideration. More research is required to cover up the same and to get the better results for the research
Conclusion
It is often believed that you can give better when you yourself feel better. In a hospitality business organisation, an employee can feel better and provide better services when he himself is satisfied from the job. It is the employee on which the success of a hospitality business setting is dependent. It can be concluded that hospitality sector is a huge sector in Australia and is at boom which employees millions of employees and this requires in providing satisfactorily working conditions and environment to the worker so that they can never let the business down and increase the customers of the business. The project report identifies that monetary pay is the biggest factor which affect the satisfaction level of the employees in the job but the other factors like Working environment, motivation, team spirit and others have a prime importance in the job satisfaction level of the employees. These factors impact the overall satisfaction of an employee in the job. Satisfied employee creates satisfied customers for the business. The companies are spending a lot nowadays on the growth and development of employees so that they can be retained and also made satisfied for the long term growth of the organisation.
Work Relationships
References
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a Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences, 2(1), pp.24-32.
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