Perception of Policy Makers on Health-Oriented Decision Making
Discuss about the Health Policy Stakeholders for Public Participation in Health.
Vogel, J.P., Oxman, A.D., Glenton, C., Rosenbaum, S., Lewin, S., Gülmezoglu, A.M. and Souza, J.P. 2013, ‘Policymakers’ and other stakeholders’ perceptions of key considerations for health system decisions and the presentation of evidence to inform those considerations: an international survey’, Health research policy and systems, vol. 11, no. 1, p.19.
The purpose of this assignment was to analyse the perception of the policy makers regarding the criteria in the DECIDE framework which is used for making health oriented decisions.
99% of the respondents of the research process mentioned that systematic review of available evidence base would have helped in improving health oriented decision making. They supported the use of grading systems and evidence summaries for making health related decisions. 45% of the respondents mentioned that the grading system should be implemented across different health decision whereas 38% have responded otherwise and emphasized upon the importance of a uniform grading system.
A survey method had been employed by the researcher over here where policy makers from different countries with huge amount of experience in different health policy making were interrogated through a close ended questionnaire to understand their perceptions regarding their use of criteria within the DECIDE framework. The responses were further evaluated through statistical analysis.
On the strength areas of conducting the research study was that diverse group of responses were found from a group of policy stakeholders across different countries. The varied amount of responses made the data analysis more comparative. On the other hand, there was the presence of very high level of healthcare and research experience among the respondents. However, there were three to four researchers who had moderate level of experience. Hence, a disparity during the consideration of the results was seen.
The paper could be facilitate the heath policy development process by educating the regarding the importance of different grading systems in making health related decision.
Cottrell, E.K., Whitlock, E.P., Kato, E., Uhl, S., Belinson, S., Chang, C., Hoomans, T., Meltzer, D.O., Noorani, H., Robinson, K.A. and Motu’apuaka, M. 2015, ‘Defining the benefits and challenges of stakeholder engagement in systematic reviews’, Comparative Effectiveness Research, vol. 2015, no. 1, pp.13-19.
The article analyses the benefits attached and challenges encountered in engaging stakeholders in systematic review process. The involvement of the stakeholders can help in the development of criteria, which can used to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of systematic reviews.
Benefits and Challenges of Stakeholder Engagement in Systematic Reviews
Through the study the importance of involving stakeholders in health systematic reviews have been evaluated. Thus, a number of benefits and challenges have been identified. The benefits or the advantages have mainly been in the form of establishment of credibility, ensuring accountability, improving relevance and quality. However, a number of challenges have been faced owing to limited time, training resources and matching the right type of stakeholders to the right time in the systematic review process
The methodology adopted for the research process includes conducting a systematic literature review along with conducting a series of interviews. The results obtained from the interviews are made into themes which are further used for doing a thematic analysis. However, there are a number of research gaps owing to the challenges possessed by the involvement of the stakeholders in the systematic reviews.
The researcher conducted had a number of limitations as neither literature scan nor the interview process could establish the effectiveness of stakeholder engagement. Although the results obtained through the research prices have been limited, the themes obtained through the interview methods helped in effective analysis.
One of the most important aspects of conducting the research study is that the paper helped in linking the importance of stakeholder involvement in different stages of the review process rather than involving them only programmatic requirements.
Lowes, L., Robling, M. R., Bennert, K., Crawley, C., Hambly, H., Hawthorne, K., … and the DEPICTED Study Team 2011, ‘Involving lay and professional stakeholders in the development of a research intervention for the DEPICTED Study’, Health Expectations?: An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy, vol. 14, no. 3, 250–260. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00625.x
The paper focuses upon the involvement of lay stakeholders at key stages of the research. This was done in a view to empower them by providing them input regarding the research methods and process. The findings further act as enlightenment educating the stakeholders regarding important health policies and programs.
Here the lay and professional stakeholders were involved in designing a complex research intervention. The lay stakeholders consisted of teenagers and adults with diabetes whereas the professional stakeholders belonged to interdisciplinary teams.
A qualitative research design had been adopted by the researcher over here were interview questionnaire were offered to the respondents and open –ended questionnaire were asked to them. The group comprised 13-17 lay stakeholders and 11 professional stakeholders. The stakeholder action group was responsible for the review of evidence and advising on the development of ideas for further research. The lay stakeholders emphasized upon the designing of a patient held tool.
Involvement of Lay and Professional Stakeholders in Research Interventions
There were a number of limitations such as there was lack of information regarding the extent to which participants can impact the research process. Furthermore, the indicators relate only to the process and fail to measure the impact of the involvement of successful. However, stakeholder involvement has been more widely represented across the study which helped in the understanding of the underlying levels of the thought process of the stakeholders.
The paper helps in highlighting the importance of the involvement of the family members of the patients in the research interventions as it help in identification of the commonly possessed views and myths.
Horstmanshof, L. and Moore, K. 2016, ‘Understanding the needs of all the stakeholders: Issues of training and preparation for health work students and their clinical educators’, Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, vol. 17, no. 2, pp.93-100.
The paper focuses upon the need to better understand the requirements of the stakeholders which can further improve the quality of the healthcare services. The paper sets to establish s a competent care environment by taking into consideration the satisfaction level of multiple stakeholders.
In this respect, practical field experiences were utilized were the nursing professional were put under work integrated learning to understand the importance of work place satisfaction upon the performance of the stakeholders. In this respect, the nursing professionals were divided into two focus groups such as clinical exercise physiology masters and occupational therapies. Each was placed in different settings and their responses were noted through an interview questions at the end of their training sessions.
Here, interview questions were used for the collection of responses of the participants, the responses collected were analysed for identification for similar and dissimilar patterns. These paters were further used to conduct a thematic analysis. Though the questions the students were asked to reflect upon their lifestyle habits, anxiety and fears of life transition, personal life goals, mindset and psychological barriers. Though the discussion it was found that workplace practices such as continuing education for the nursing professionals along with effective changes made in workplace policy were found to be effective.
The responses to the questions were found to be guided less by intrinsic factors and more influenced under the authority of a practical training guide. Additionally, the individual opinions or biases seemed to affect the result of the research.
The paper helped in highlighting the importance of policies in shaping of the workplace environment for the benefit of the nursing students and other important stakeholders.
Importance of Understanding Requirements of All Stakeholders
Ayanore, M.A., Pavlova, M., Biesma, R. and Groot, W. 2017, ‘Stakeholder’s experiences, expectations and decision making on reproductive care: An ethnographic study of three districts in northern Ghana’, PloS one, vol.12, no. 11, p.908.
The study here analyses the importance of stakeholder engagement in providing advanced reproductive care. The study has been particularly conducted with respect to the Ghana community
The study focuses upon the varied views of the stakeholders in the reproductive care services. An ethnographic study approach had been applied over here where filed data had been collected from March to May in the year 2015. The data had been gathered from women who had recently given birth. Additionally, the data had also been collected from healthcare providers and the policy actors. In-depth interviews and focus groups were used for the collection of data. The recordings of each and every stakeholder who participated in the interview process were audio recorded. The audio transcripts were referred to by the researcher again and again for the identification of similar dissimilar themes. Hence, a thematic analysis had been conducted over here.
It was found from the research data that post abortion car was minimally covered under free exemptions policy under antenatal and postnatal care. It had been further emphasised at the end of the research that in order to arrive at an agreeable standard of care the private and the national health care agencies need to collaborate. The study focuses upon the stakeholders view in the provision and advancement of reproductive care. The paper highlights the different social stigma which affects access to the basic healthcare services in the downtrodden areas and the role played by the stakeholders in drafting of an effective policy meeting the requirements of the women in the Ghana community.
The research conducted over here had a number of limitations such as there might be missing of important categories that may have emerged among the stakeholder while conducting the study. Additionally there may be biases which may prevent the healthcare professionals as well as the patient population from disclosing the entire information.
The paper helps in highlighting the importance of stakeholder participation into making important policies for improving the reproductive health of the women in the downtrodden areas. Hence, it places at the medical channels at the centre of the care and support provision.
Nabyonga-Orem, J. and Mijumbi, R. 2015, ‘ Evidence for informing health policy development in Low-income Countries (LICs): perspectives of policy actors in Uganda’, International Journal of Health Policy and Management, vol. 4, no. 5, 285–293. Retrieved from:https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2015.52
The study aims at understanding health policy actors view regarding the evidences which are found appropriate for the development of an effective health policy. Due to the limitation of resource in low income countries, use of suitable evidence for guiding making is still unclear.
For the collection of data the researcher used exploratory qualitative design. Here, a diverse group of stakeholders were interviewed regarding the development of health policies and knowledge transition, which were analysed inductive content analysis techniques. The interview responses were analysed for doing an effective thematic analysis. It was found that although policy makers looked for facts they also used evidence based upon context. From the interview responses it was highlighted that before the changing the health related policies the feasibility for the change options needs to be considered. It was also emphasized that the policy should relate to the social, political, economic and cultural aspects of the community.
The study highlights the importance of policy informed research agendas. In addition, it highlights the importance of combination of different types of evidence. However, a number of limitations had been faced in conducting the study such as lack of research infrastructure in low income countries, overdependence on donor for funding activities, inadequate political will.
On the other hand, the diverse nature of the respondents provided a multi dimensional perspective, which allows develop a broader picture on the subject. The limitations have also been provided by the confounding research biases.
References
Ayanore, M.A., Pavlova, M., Biesma, R. and Groot, W. 2017, ‘Stakeholder’s experiences, expectations and decision making on reproductive care: An ethnographic study of three districts in northern Ghana’, PloS one, vol.12, no. 11, p. 908.
Cottrell, E.K., Whitlock, E.P., Kato, E., Uhl, S., Belinson, S., Chang, C., Hoomans, T., Meltzer, D.O., Noorani, H., Robinson, K.A. and Motu’apuaka, M. 2015, ‘Defining the benefits and challenges of stakeholder engagement in systematic reviews’, Comparative Effectiveness Research, vol. 2015, no. 1, pp.13-19.
Horstmanshof, L. and Moore, K. 2016, ‘Understanding the needs of all the stakeholders: Issues of training and preparation for health work students and their clinical educators’, Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, vol. 17, no. 2, pp.93-100.
Lowes, L., Robling, M. R., Bennert, K., Crawley, C., Hambly, H., Hawthorne, K., … and the DEPICTED Study Team. 2011, ‘Involving lay and professional stakeholders in the development of a research intervention for the DEPICTED Study’, Health Expectations?: An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care and Health Policy, vol. 14, no. 3, 250–260. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2010.00625.x
Nabyonga-Orem, J. and Mijumbi, R. 2015, ‘Evidence for informing health policy development in Low-income Countries (LICs): perspectives of policy actors in Uganda’, International Journal of Health Policy and Management, vol. 4, no. 5, 285–293. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2015.52
Vogel, J.P., Oxman, A.D., Glenton, C., Rosenbaum, S., Lewin, S., Gülmezoglu, A.M. and Souza, J.P. 2013, ‘Policymakers’ and other stakeholders’ perceptions of key considerations for health system decisions and the presentation of evidence to inform those considerations: an international survey’, Health research policy and systems, vol. 11, no. 1, p.19.
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