Mobile Wireless Communication Technologies
Discuss about the Impact Of Environmental Supply Chain Sustainability Programs.
Mobile communication innovations have transformed the way human beings communicate. In particular, mobile wireless technology has evolved at a high speed which has in turn enabled us to enjoy performance and efficiency in a society with high mobile interactions. Human beings have been able experience different mobile wireless technologies ranging from 1G to 4G (Agrawal & Zeng, 2015).
The main disparity between mobile phones of the first generation and those of the previous generation is that the former utilized multiple cell sites and enabled users to move calls from one cell to another during conversations (Agrawal & Zeng, 2015). The first ever automated cellular network or the IG generation came about in 1979 and was launched by NTT in Japan. Later in 1984, a scientist by the name Bell Labs an advanced cellular technology which incorporated several central cell sites which provided service to a cell or small area. Also, it was possible to use one channel for multiple conversations as long as there was a signal between a phone and a cell site (Loo, Mauri & Ortiz, 2016).
During the 1990s, the 2G second mobile generation emerged and employed the GSM standard (Loo, Mauri & Ortiz, 2016). As opposed to their predecessors that used analog transmission, 2G mobile phones used digital transmissions. With 2G mobile phones, phone to network signaling become more faster and advanced and its during this era that prepaid mobile phones came into being. Furthermore, 2G mobile phones made SMS text messaging possible, first on GSM networks then on digital networks. Variations of 2G such as 2.75 – EDGE increased data transfer rates and through digital coding, voice clarity and noise reduction during communications was achieved (Loo, Mauri & Ortiz, 2016).
An increased usage of 2G phones lead to a higher demand for data access services especially the internet. 2G technology could not meet the required speed as far as transmissions were concerned which made the industry to focus on introducing a new mobile generation based on 3G technology. The main disparity between 2G and 3G technology was that the former employed circuit switching while the latter used packet switching for mobile transmissions (Osseiran et al., 2013).
Through 3G technology, users could experience high connection speeds which in itself transformed the industry. Streaming radio and television content was made possible by 3G handsets. During the mid 2000s, 3G experienced a revolution whereby, High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) was introduced (Osseiran et al., 2013). This enhanced telephony communications and led to the creation of several variations of 3G such as 3.5G, 3G+ and turbo 3G. At present, HSDPA data transmissions for upload and download can reach up to 84 Mbit/ and 42 Mbit/s respectively (Sarkar, Basavaraju & Puttamadappa, 2016).
Adidas and Climate Change
It was not long before the industry started to look for ways to improve mobile communications where the specific aim was to improve G technologies transmission speeds 10-fold. This brought about 4G technology which came with better bandwidth and high quality audio/video streaming. Rather than use 3G’s circuit switching, 4G employed all-IP network which made it possible for voice calls over the internet (VoIP) (Martin & Ertzberger, 2013). In addition, 4G came in two standards namely LTE and WiMAX. LTE’s upload speed was 50 Mbit/s while downloads went up to 100 Mbit/s. On the other hand, WiMAX offered upload speeds of 56 Mbit/s and download speeds of 128 Mbit/s (Martin & Ertzberger, 2013).
In my opinion, mobile wireless communications are set to undergo vast improvements over the next 10 years. Already, plans are underway to introduce 5G which is expected to come with better access technology (Gohil, Modi & Pate, 2013). Human beings can look forward to better data rates, higher transmission capacities, improved device connectivity, low costs and and lower point to point latency. In the near future, data traffic is expected to increase and based on research, human beings should look forward to a 1,000-fold rise in data volumes by 2030 (Rappaport et al., 2013).
The human mind continues to evolve and with the introduction of self-driving cars, the demand for wireless infrastructure is set to increase. I think this form of automated transport will warrant greater reliability and connectivity. There are ways being worked on to reuse previous wireless infrastructure to provide a dense connectivity matrix which will resist data congestion and interference, and pave way for tremendously faster data transmissions. The components are in place for a drone human passenger aircraft which will require great levels of reliable bandwidth.
In the next 50 to 100 years, I think mobile wireless communication will go a notch higher. Download and upload speeds might reach 1 million Mbit/s. Wireless communication will likely play a vital role when indeed robots become prevalent in the workplace and in our homes. There won’t be a better way to communicate with these robots other than through the wireless platform. Furthermore, I think wireless signals will be used to charge mobile phones when they go out of power. Moreover, mobile wireless transmissions will be employed to aid in communication when driving invisible cars.
Climate change is a wicked problem that poses problems to a lot of industries. Adidas is a manufacturer of sportswear and relies on a worldwide supply chain to acquire raw materials required to produce its clothing (Dam & Petkova, 2014).. Cotton is the main raw material that is used for 30% of the organization’s textile consumption (Dam & Petkova, 2014).. Normally, cotton is susceptible to change in climate. As temperatures continue to rise, the ability of cotton to grow may be impeded which may likely lead to a reduction of yields and consequently impact on Adidas operations (Dam & Petkova, 2014).
Adidas sustainability initiatives
As a consequence, Adidas has resorted to significant measures in a bid to tackle climate change. In 2004, the company took part in the launch of the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) and also in 2010, it partnered with the Sustainable Apparel Coalition (SAC) (Eggers & Muoio, 2018). Also, Adidas has proved its commitment and drive towards combating climate change by releasing a sustainability report on a yearly basis (Eggers & Muoio, 2018).
Adidas has also strived to come up with creative and innovative solutions for the wicked problem that is climate change. The company has not only set an objective centered on the minimization of wastes in its supplier facilities but also with its workers. In 2012, the company introduced the DryDye technology to help it achieve its objective (Ind, Iglesias & Schultz, 2018). DyeDye is a dyeing process that doesn’t use any water and uses a lower amount of chemicals and energy compared to traditional dying (Ind, Iglesias & Schultz, 2018).
Additionally, the company has set it sights on eliminating waste in its manufacturing and retail sites. The company has placed significant emphasis on coming up with creative and inventive manufacturing processes meant to introduce products manufactured from recycled wastes (Miles, 2018). It is widely expected that this will revolutionize the retail industry and successfully execute its cost retail structure. Furthermore, Adidas has already started a take-back program referred to as “Make Every Thread Count” where it acquires used clothing from customers for recycling (McGrath, 2013).
Adidas was founded in 1949 as a multinational corporation that designed and manufactured shoes and clothing (McGrath, 2013). However, a few years latter, the company was plagued by record loses and bankruptcy and it wasn’t until the 1970s when competitive pressures from Puma and Nike gave it a jolt. The company had lost sight of its achievements that formed the backbone of its previous success. Adidas would go on to experience a resurgence owing to its decision to channel its heritage (Ind, Iglesias & Schultz, 2018).
Today, both at its Germany and U.S. headquarters, managers, innovators as well as designers hold occasional meetings to talk about the company’s history, it’s relevance, and the ventures the company should pursue. In a process that is filled with continuity and transitions, they’ll remember the lessons learnt from the past and look towards adapting to the changing tastes of customers especially athletes. Results speak volumes about what the company has been able to achieve. Adidas has under has moved from a steady loss maker in the 1990s and 1980s to a company whose market cap now stands US$17.1 billion (Eggers & Muoio, 2018).
Adidas uses its financial capabilities as well as the understanding of consumer behaviour to come up with modern and creative products. The company embraces its history but is not limited to it. It works towards being innovative with the capabilities that were initially developed from the onset being a source of motivation. Companies need to strike the right balance with regard to what to discard, what to take aboard and what to remember. Adidas uses Adi Dassler’s philosophy to drive creativity and brand authenticity which subsequently influences consumers preferences, empoloyees’ sense of belonging and the global reputation of the business (Ind, Iglesias & Schultz, 2018).
References
Agrawal, D. P., & Zeng, Q. A. (2015). Introduction to wireless and mobile systems. Cengage learning.
Dam, L., & Petkova, B. N. (2014). The impact of environmental supply chain sustainability programs on shareholder wealth. International Journal of Operations & Production management, 34(5), 586-609.
Eggers, W. D., & Muoio, A. (2015, April 15). Wicked Opportunities. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/focus/business-trends/2015/wicked-problems- wicked-opportunities-business-trends.html
Gohil, A., Modi, H., & Patel, S. K. (2013, March). 5G technology of mobile communication management: A survey. In Intelligent Systems and Signal Processing (ISSP), 2013 International Conference on (pp. 288-292). IEEE.
Ind, N., Iglesias, O., & Schultz, M. (2015, August 24). How Adidas Found Its Second Wind. Retrieved from https://www.strategy-business.com/article/00352?gko=75bcd
Loo, J., Mauri, J. L., & Ortiz, J. H. (Eds.). (2016). Mobile ad hoc networks: current status and future trends. CRC Press.
Martin, F., & Ertzberger, J. (2013). Here and now mobile learning: An experimental study on the use of mobile technology. Computers & Education, 68, 76-85.
McGrath, R. G. (2013). The end of competitive advantage: How to keep your strategy moving as fast as your business. Harvard Business Review Press.
Mile, S. (2018). Adidas: Fighting Climate Change in the Name of Sports. Retrieved from https://rctom.hbs.org/submission/adidas-fighting-climate-change-in-the-name-of-sports/
Osseiran, A., Braun, V., Hidekazu, T., Marsch, P., Schotten, H., Tullberg, H., … & Schellman, M. (2013, June). The foundation of the mobile and wireless communications system for 2020 and beyond: Challenges, enablers and technology solutions. In Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2013 IEEE 77th (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Rappaport, T. S., Sun, S., Mayzus, R., Zhao, H., Azar, Y., Wang, K., … & Gutierrez, F. (2013). Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: It will work!. IEEE access, 1, 335-349.
Sarkar, S. K., Basavaraju, T. G., & Puttamadappa, C. (2016). Ad hoc mobile wireless networks: principles, protocols, and applications. CRC Press.
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