Impact Of Leadership On Organizational Culture: A Case Study Of Turing Pharmaceuticals

Leadership and Organizational Culture

Discuss about the Leadership Styles on Organisational Performance.

An organizations success is hinged on its leadership (Institute of Leadership & Management., 2016). It is the leadership that is supposed to come up with a balancing formula that aims to satisfy the expectations of the stakeholders; both internal and external stakeholders (Bridoux & Stoelhorst, 2013). A failure in the leadership of any organization can cascade into multiple issues, which can have a negative impact on the overall performance of that particular organization (Chiu, 2010).  This project proposal will try to dig deep, and bring into light the impact of leadership in organizational culture in Turing pharmaceuticals. This is aimed at helping the organization use the recommended strategies of improving its leadership, and propel it to a more successful path.

Turing pharmaceuticals, is a New York based pharmaceutical company, incorporated in Switzerland. The Company is primarily focused on the development of innovative treatments for those patients with unfulfilled medical needs (“Vyera Pharmaceuticals LLC: Company Profile – Bloomberg”, 2018). Recently the company started operating in the United States under the name of Vyera Pharmaceuticals. The company was founded in 2015 by Martin Shkreli who was later convicted of fraud. It was alleged that, the organization substantially hiked the prices of drugs, which resulted to widespread criticism from various stakeholders, including, a number of players from the pharmaceutical sector. This had a denting image on the company, a problem that can be equated to its leadership. This project proposal will therefore try to look into various aspects of leadership, and ways the Turing pharmaceuticals can work towards improving its organizational leadership.

Leadership is a aspect in management that dictates the overall well being of an organization. The importance of leadership is so much so, that the image and existence of the organization can be broken in an instant if there is a substantial failure in the aspect of leadership. How the stakeholders relate with the organization will also depend with how much interest the leadership has invested into forming a mutual relationship with them (Bridoux & Stoelhorst, 2013). That notwithstanding, it can also be said that an organizations success is hinged on the ability of its leadership to maximize the potential of their employees (Schmidle, 2011). Ultimately, the entire culture of the organization is directly hinged on its leadership (Braun et al., 2013). Just as mentioned by Bukhari & Sharma (2014), the culture of the organization is directly influenced by the norms, characters and behaviors of its leadership.

Challenges of Poor Leadership in Turing Pharmaceuticals

From the mentioned examples of how leadership affects an organization, it can be established that, an organization is only as good as its leadership. This research will look at Turing Pharmaceuticals, a reputable global organization, which recently faced some leadership challenges that drastically affected its performance. The research project will shed more light on the role of leadership and how it affects not only the culture, but the overall performance of an organization. 

Turing Pharmaceuticals has been facing various challenges related to leadership; this research will be aimed at investigating how leadership affects organizational culture, and how it be used as a tool in enhancing the overall performance of the organization. The main objective of this research is to establish the impact of leadership in organizational performance. The research will look with a keen eye at how the culture of an organization is affected by its leadership.

The specific objectives of this research are,

• To analyze the role of leadership in an organizational setting.
• To examine the impact of leadership in enhancing employee performance and team cohesion in Turing Pharmaceuticals.
• To identify some of the benefits that leadership provides in realizing organizational success.

Following the established research objectives, this proposal will use the following questions to evaluate the subject under investigation.

The main research question for this proposal will be;

• Does leadership affect organizational culture in Turing Pharmaceuticals?

Sub questions;

• Does leadership have an important role to play in an organizational setting?
• Can leadership help to improve employee performance and team morale in Turing Pharmaceuticals?
• What are the potential benefits to be gained from good leadership, by Turing Pharmaceuticals to improve its organizational success?

The main reason for undertaking this proposal is to do a thorough analysis of how leadership impacts the success of an organization. The issue of leadership has multiple repercussions on the overall success of an organization (Leadership Management, 2017). Turing pharmaceutical is highlighted to be facing various leadership challenges and this proposal will be aimed at trying to solve these challenges.  

From a theoretical perspective, this research proposal will be aimed at providing evidence based literature, on the aspect of leadership, and organizational culture. The impact of leadership on various aspects of the organization, from stakeholder management, organizational performance, and employee motivation, is an issue that is under constant research (Burnes, Hughes & By, 2016). This proposal will therefore, add to the existing literature on the various ways leadership affects the mentioned parameters within, and even outside an organization.

From the findings of this research, the Turing Pharmaceuticals is expected to have the following changes;

The organization will have a clear focus on its vision, goals, and set objectives. It is through good leadership that an organization can be steered into the right direction it has set. From the very definition of leadership as put forth by Chiu (2010), it can be established that, only by having the right leadership in place, can the organization be able to meet its objectives. An organization with a disoriented or poor leadership tends to have unfulfilled objectives and targets, which not only affects its performance, but also employee and shareholders’ morale (Schmidle, 2011).

Causal Effects of Leadership on Organizational Performance

Reduction of conflicts; Good leadership in and by itself can be a good tool in reducing conflict within the organization (Samantara & Sharma, 2016). This research will provide the organization with enough evidence to show how the organization can be able to mitigate conflicts with its stakeholders and employees by encouraging good leadership. Through selection of capable team leaders, there is also a high likelihood that there will be an increase in team cohesion (Yanovsky, Osatuke, Shoda & Ramsel, 2014).

This proposal will also advice the management of Turing Pharmaceuticals, on the various ways that leadership can be used, to not only motivate employees, but also to streamline the efficiency of operations in the organization. All these aimed at improving the performance of the organization

This proposal will be limited at establishing the various causal effects of leadership in Turing pharmaceuticals. The scope will cover; the challenges emanating from poor leadership, ways those challenges can be combated, and the benefits to be gained from instituting proper leadership. The research will give specific emphasis on how leadership affects the organization culture.

The main aim of this research proposal is to investigate the impact of leadership in organizational culture. This section will try to analyze the various past literature that have been done on the subject under investigation, painting a clear picture on how the various variables relate with one another, and how they are going to be used to base the findings.

The whole concept of leadership and how it affects organization is a matter that has been in research for quite some time. Leadership is considered to be one of the major functions of management (Tripathi & Reddy, 2012). Leadership can be described as the art of directing or guiding people to achieve a common objective. A leader is supposed to posses the prerequisite skills to motivate people enough to follow and accomplish the said objective (Ojo, 2011).

Many theories have been forged on leadership and what it entails (Allio, 2012). These theories come with various characteristics and features that a true leader should posses. One thing that the said theories agree on is that; leadership not only in organizational setup, but in any other environment for that matter, where people are assembled, is an important aspect in moving the masses to accomplish a common task (Institute of Leadership & Management., 2016). In an organization, each employee or stakeholder has his or her own interest; it is only through leadership that all these interest can be aligned to forge towards a common purpose.

Importance of Leadership in Motivating Employees and Streamlining Organizational Effectiveness

The top management of any organization is supposed to display some semblance of leadership skills in order for that organization to function (Panait, 2017). The importance of leadership is so vital that it can be considered to be the foundation of an organization. The longevity of an organization culture can be said to be as good as how long the leadership embraces it.

According to Bukhari & Sharma (2014), organization culture is an important aspect that helps the organization maintains its focus towards its vision and mission. Organization culture can be defined as the values and philosophies that an organization stands for (Tripathi & Reddy, 2012).   It is what the organization stands for and how the public sees it, including how it operates.

It can be said that culture describes how employees relate with one another within the workplace (Rodriguez & Stewart, 2017). It can also dictate the overall performance of the organization hence should be give extreme importance. Leadership plays an important role in driving the culture of a particular organization. Leaders have the powers to influence how people behave, and through time, the imitated behavior becomes a habit which later develops into an established culture (Norbom & Lopez, 2016). The leadership therefore has to be very keen in the type of culture they advocate for. The culture has to be aimed at fostering the mission and vision of the organization.

Leadership is about handling people and in a manner that brings about their utmost potential. The leadership of an organization is supposed to stem from the top management and trickle down to individual employees. The leadership of an organization has the sole duty of, ensuring their employees are motivated to perform efficiently and in accordance to the set organization policies and regulations (Beakana, 2017). When the leadership is seen to be acting contrary to how they expect their employees to act, then the employees are also bound to slacken on their end. Good leadership has to be by example, and seen by deeds (Choudhary, Akhtar, Zaheer, 2013).

According to Bush (2012), leadership is the glue that makes a team to function and in a cohesive manner. An organization is a structure made up of several teams functioning together in order to meet a given set of objectives. The teams can be departmental or project teams. As described earlier,

Almost all teams are made up of members with different ideologies, characteristics, and goals. At times, handling such a team can be a difficult affair, especially aligning the ideologies and goals of the team members to match a common unified goal. In such heterogeneous teams, conflicts are also bound to occur (Liang, Shih & Chiang, 2015). In such circumstances, true leadership is supposed to be portrayed by the team leader, lest the team ceases to function. It is the team leaders who are supposed to inspire, and direct the team members, towards the accomplishment of the tasks at hand.

Limitations of the Research Proposal

The leaders are supposed to build trust amongst team members as cited by Dumitru & Schoop (2016). A leader is supposed to be empathetic to his subordinates, listen to their concerns and I possible provide a solution. They can also build trust by encouraging inclusivity and utilizing the abilities of all the team members to accomplish the task at hand. This will give the members a sense of satisfaction of having played a part in the activities of the organization.

From previous literature, it can be established that leadership plays an important role in various aspects of the organization. The previous section highlighted how leadership impacts employee performance. Another major importance of leadership as stated by Bridoux & Stoelhorst (2013) is that it helps the organization form good relationship with their stakeholders.

Leadership is also supposed to play a big part in promoting a culture of integrity, transparency and accountability (Ojo, 2011). Turing Pharmaceuticals has been a major victim of poor leadership when it was seen to be participating in unfair market practices. This resonated poorly with their customers which in turn affected their performance.

Leadership within the organization is also supposed to steer the organization towards realization of its goals. A leader is supposed to initiate action, by communicating the plans he has to his subordinates. He is supposed to coordinate the various tasks and ensure that the subordinates have the necessary tools to accomplish the task.

This research employed a number of methodologies to analyze, interpret and present the data provided so as to make sense of the issue under study. 

The research employed a descriptive research design. This was due to the nature of research being conducted that aimed at describing the impact of leadership on organization culture. The research used Turing Pharmaceuticals as the case study where it was expected that the results collected will help the organization in dealing with the leadership challenges it is currently facing.

Most of the data collected in this research was secondary data. The data was collected from various journals, books, and web articles. Data pertaining to Turning Pharmaceuticals was collected from their website and other subsequent websites with relevant data. Reports pertaining to the company were also considered while compiling literature for this study. The data collected was sorted and checked for relevance and properly arranged in order to make sense of the topic under study.

Given the nature of the data collected which is primarily secondary data, the research mainly analyzed the data that was majorly relevant for this research. The collected the data was used as an inference to measure the phenomenon under study. The research used the data collected from secondary sources like reports, journals and articles pertaining to the performance of Turing Pharmaceuticals, which helped to determine whether the organization was being affected by it leadership challenges. Data from similar companies and articles was also used to reach the findings obtained by this research

Literature Review

Due to the fact that the data collected was from secondary sources, the researcher cross checked to ensure that the sources were indeed credible before using them as a source of reference. The research also cited all used secondary sources to give credit to the original authors of the information used.

	1st   month	2nd month	3rd month	4th month	5th  month	6th month
Creating a research plan
Defining the research questions
Selecting the methodology of  research
Collection of secondary data
Preparation of data collection tool for primary data
Collection of primary data from Turing pharmaceuticals
Analysis of data collected
Final compilation of the project  proposal
Presentation of the proposal to the management of Turing pharmaceuticals

Activity	Cost $
Paperwork (editing and printing)	50
Transportation	1500
Accommodation	3000
Miscellaneous	500
total	5050

Following the case of Turing Pharmaceuticals, there are several recommendations provided, based on the literature reviewed, which can help them bolster their organizational leadership;

The first recommendation to Turing Pharmaceuticals is that it should start encouraging an organizational culture that embraces; integrity, fairness, and high level of moral and ethical standards conversant with their organization; mission and vision, policies and regulations.

Another recommendation is that the organization, starting from its top leadership should show commitment towards the promoting the new organizational culture. They should embrace that which is positive in the organization and continuously communicate it to their subordinates.

The management of Turning should also consider a transformational leadership style where all employees are encouraged to take part in the change. It is important that the employees be involved in the organizational change process, and decision making, so as to reduce the amount of resistance faced during the change process.

The organization should also streamline its policies and procedures to cater for the new organizational change. These policies will go a long way at encouraging a system of good leadership, with proper checks and balances to govern what should be done.

It is also recommended that the leadership o Turing Pharmaceuticals be more attentive to the various needs of their stakeholders both internal and external. It is only through balancing the various stakeholder interest can they be able to achieve their goals with minimal resistance.

Conclusion

From the research findings we can conclude that, indeed leadership plays a big role in influencing organizational culture. Leadership is also seen to have a major impact on employee performance and its overall importance in organizational success cannot be overlooked. Turning pharmaceuticals an organization that has been facing various leadership challenges is expected to borrow from the findings of this project proposal, implement the recommendations, and await a positive change within and outside the organization. The organization is expected to regain back its lost customer confidence, by embracing an organization culture of good ethics, integrity, and transparency. The employees working for the organization are also expected to get renewed motivation to work for the organization. Overall, this is expected to have appositive effect on the performance of the organization.

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