Imposition
Discuss about the Personal And Societal Responses To Risk.
For providing personal and societal responses to risk, the article that is chosen for this assignment is “Data shows regional drivers face double the risk of death”. This could be evaluated with the help of the following disaster management ideas, which are described as follows:
Imposition:
According to the chosen article, it could be found that the risk is imposed on the victims due to the dangerous road conditions in some areas of Queensland. The risk is imposed on the victims, as the deter drivers are breaching the law resulting in deaths of common people. From the perspective of the Department of Transport and Main Roads, above 173 people have died on the roads of Queensland and hence, risk is imposed on the department to improve the infrastructure of the roads (Edwards 2018).
Voluntariness:
Voluntariness depicts self-exposure of the individuals to the risks identified (Akgün, Gümü?bu? and Tansel 2015). In the provided article, it has been identified that drinking while driving, inattention and speeding have been the major causes of accidents in Mackay to the Sunshine coast of Queensland. This implies that the individuals are responsible as well for the accidents; thus, making them exposed to voluntariness (Alexander 2014). The concerned authority needs to increase awareness among the public by using banners, media coverage and hoardings.
Equitability:
As pointed out by Chan (2015), equitability is crucial for disaster preparedness, response along with sustainable post-disaster programs related to reconstruction. Hence, critical analysis is required to check the efficiency of the national strategies to develop capacity building measures for preventing such accidents in the specific areas of Queensland. From the perspective of the victims, such moves would help in ensuring their trust and the concerned department would undertake the road safety work to assure the safety of common individuals in the nation.
State of knowledge:
State of knowledge signifies the information that the individuals possess regarding the facts related to disaster management (Choi, Chiu and Chan 2016). In this case, the victims of the case have prior knowledge of the accidents that occurred in the specific areas of Queensland, while the associated department has provided records of those people who died in accidents.
Proximity:
According to the chosen article, it has been identified that the accidents have taken place in the areas stretching from Mackay in the north down to the Sunshine Coast. As a result, many individuals living in Queensland have started to avoid using these roads for their safety and security. In addition, they are highly dissatisfied with the state government that it has not undertaken adequate steps for preventing such accidents. As a result, the concerned department has faced criticisms from the public as well as from the media, which has questioned its efficacy to ensure public protection (Dunaway et al. 2017).
Voluntariness
Time:
It has been detected from the chosen article the number of people died due to accidents in the year 2017. In this period, more than 173 people have died premature deaths in the roads of Queensland, which were 74 in the Gold Coast and Brisbane. This denotes that nearly 100 or above individuals has died more than the other areas due to poor maintenance of the roads and infrastructural facilities. Moreover, from the point of view of the government department, it has failed to undertake any effective measures in the past year and thus, it could not be considered as effective in ensuring public safety (Feather 2017).
Extreme value:
As laid out by Glendon, Clarke and McKenna (2016), the extreme value in this type of disaster management is disaster preparedness guidelines. Such guidelines could be in the form of locating the infrastructure in safe location along with ensuring the safety of the common people of Queensland. The victims would like to find assurance regarding their safety while visiting the specified areas of Melbourne.
Dread:
Dread factor helps in determining the worse outcome from a particular risk. In this case, the major risk is associated with the deaths of the common people for vehicle accidents and the government department needs to undertake significant work for improving the overall infrastructure of the roads and other dangerous areas (Hewitt 2014).
Unknown:
This factor depicts rapid fear of the new technologies and the answers that are entered (Hopkin 2017). In the chosen article, it could be observed that certain number of people has started avoiding the roads and the concerned department has found it difficult to maintain the trust of the common people.
Number affected:
Above 173 people have died on the roads of Queensland and hence, risk is imposed on the department to improve the infrastructure of the roads. This is because of the reckless driving patterns of many drivers. In addition, various individuals have undergone injuries for which rallies have been made against the government department, which has negative impact on the ability to ensure public safety.
For commenting on the management of the type of risk on the part of the society, the following risk register matrix is formulated:
|
Risk |
Owner of risk |
Reason/cause |
Impact |
Probability |
Level of risk |
Risk response strategy |
|
Imposition |
Drivers |
The risk is imposed on the victims due to the dangerous road conditions in some areas of Queensland. The risk is imposed on the victims, as the deter drivers are breaching the law resulting in deaths of common people (Howes et al. 2015). |
The areas of service are not managed effectively and there is lack of planning in relation to future service provision. |
75%-100% |
High |
The head of the transport department needs to work with the managers in relation to transformation of the roads and ensuring public safety by re-organising the teams and job roles. In addition, the department head needs to work with the unit managers due to the inclusion of insufficient management capacity. |
|
Voluntariness |
Drivers causing risk |
It has been identified that drinking while driving, inattention and speeding have been the major causes of accidents in Mackay to the Sunshine coast of Queensland. This implies that the individuals are responsible as well for the accidents; thus, making them exposed to voluntariness (Kenney et al. 2015). |
The accident prone areas are left without skills required functioning, which could restrict the concerned department to fulfil its commitments. |
55%-85% |
Medium |
The head of the transport department needs to work with the managers in relation to transformation of the roads and ensuring public safety by re-organising the teams and job roles. In addition, the department head needs to work with the unit managers due to the inclusion of insufficient management capacity. |
|
Equitability |
Transport Department |
The department has failed to accomplish the service transformation needed with downsizing along with missing the associated targets (Matyas and Pelling 2015). |
The department would go above the budget in subsequent years and they need to make additional savings in order to improve the infrastructure of the areas. |
15%-30% |
Low |
Each manager in the department has to undertake responsibility in their respective divisions. All the detailed proposals need to take into account the timescales and arrangements of project management. |
|
State of knowledge |
Drivers, pedestrians and the government department |
State of knowledge signifies the information that the individuals possess regarding the facts related to disaster management (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). In this case, the victims of the case have prior knowledge of the accidents that occurred in the specific areas of Queensland, while the associated department has provided records of those people who died in accidents. |
The members and the common people have refused to accept the things delivered on the part of the board and the ways of delivering the change. As a result, the society has become resilient to change. |
50%-75% |
Medium |
The department needs to engage with the unit managers; in case, inadequate skills development is taken into consideration. |
|
Proximity |
Common people and the government department |
It has been identified that the accidents have taken place in the areas stretching from Mackay in the north down to the Sunshine Coast. As a result, many individuals living in Queensland have started to avoid using these roads for their safety and security. In addition, they are highly dissatisfied with the state government that it has not undertaken adequate steps for preventing such accidents. |
The failure to manage the expectations of the members and common people would reduce the number of pedestrians in those areas and the services would shrink or vary. |
90%-100% |
High |
The head of the transport department needs to work with the managers in relation to transformation of the roads and ensuring public safety by re-organising the teams and job roles. In addition, the department head needs to work with the unit managers due to the inclusion of insufficient management capacity. Each manager in the department has to undertake responsibility in their respective divisions. All the detailed proposals need to take into account the timescales and arrangements of project management. |
|
Time and extreme value |
Drivers, pedestrians and the government department |
The number of people died due to accidents in the year 2017. In this period, more than 173 people have died premature deaths in the roads of Queensland, which were 74 in the Gold Coast and Brisbane. This denotes that nearly 100 or above individuals has died more than the other areas due to poor maintenance of the roads and infrastructural facilities. |
The department has failed to accomplish the service transformation needed with downsizing along with missing the associated targets (Olson and Wu 2015). |
55%-60% |
Medium |
The departmental units need to undertake responsibilities for mitigating this risk factor. Plans need to be formulated for the solutions identified, which would be the initial stage for fulfilling the expectations of the common people of Queensland. |
|
Dread |
Government department |
Dread factor helps in determining the worse outcome from a particular risk. In this case, the major risk is associated with the deaths of the common people for vehicle accidents and the government department needs to undertake significant work for improving the overall infrastructure of the roads and other dangerous areas. |
Such factor might result in negative impressions in the minds of the common people, as it would signify the inability of the department to minimise the accidents happening in the areas. |
10%-15% |
Low |
The savings proposal and implementation plan are the most feasible strategies for mitigating such risk factor. |
|
Unknown |
Government department and common people |
This factor depicts rapid fear of the new technologies and the answers that are entered (Hopkin 2017). In the chosen article, it could be observed that certain number of people has started avoiding the roads and the concerned department has found it difficult to maintain the trust of the common people. |
If the key services are not estimated properly, there might be issues pertaining to public safety and hence, the common people would not be able to travel safely in these areas. |
45%-60% |
Medium |
The continuity plans are to be verified for suitability and a new team needs to be appointed for mitigating this risk factor. |
|
Number affected |
Common people |
Above 173 people have died on the roads of Queensland and hence, risk is imposed on the department to improve the infrastructure of the roads. This is because of the reckless driving patterns of many drivers (Paton and Johnston 2017). |
The expectations of the common people would not be met, since no initiatives are taken for minimising such road accidents. |
90%-100% |
High |
The scheduled overview of this risk factor is required to be taken for mitigating the risk by minimising the accident rates. |
References:
Akgün, ?., Gümü?bu?a, F. and Tansel, B., 2015. Risk based facility location by using fault tree analysis in disaster management. Omega, 52, pp.168-179.
Alexander, D.E., 2014. Social media in disaster risk reduction and crisis management. Science and engineering ethics, 20(3), pp.717-733.
Chan, N.W., 2015. Impacts of disasters and disaster risk management in Malaysia: The case of floods. In Resilience and Recovery in Asian Disasters (pp. 239-265). Springer, Tokyo.
Choi, T.M., Chiu, C.H. and Chan, H.K., 2016. Risk management of logistics systems.
Dunaway, M., Murphy, R., Venkatasubramanian, N., Palen, L. and Lopresti, D., 2017. Research Agenda in Intelligent Infrastructure to Enhance Disaster Management, Community Resilience and Public Safety. arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.01985.
Edwards, G., 2018. Data shows regional drivers face double the risk of death. [online] Gympie Times. Available at: https://www.gympietimes.com.au/news/data-shows-regional-drivers-face-double-the-risk-o/3404115/ [Accessed 2 May 2018].
Feather, J., 2017. Disaster management for libraries and archives. Routledge.
Glendon, A.I., Clarke, S. and McKenna, E., 2016. Human safety and risk management. Crc Press.
Hewitt, K., 2014. Regions of risk: A geographical introduction to disasters. Routledge.
Hopkin, P., 2017. Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers.
Howes, M., Tangney, P., Reis, K., Grant-Smith, D., Heazle, M., Bosomworth, K. and Burton, P., 2015. Towards networked governance: Improving interagency communication and collaboration for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation in Australia. Journal of environmental planning and management, 58(5), pp.757-776.
Kenney, C.M., Phibbs, S.R., Paton, D., Reid, J. and Johnston, D.M., 2015. Community-led disaster risk management: A Maori response to Otautahi (Christchurch) earthquakes. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 19, p.9.
Matyas, D. and Pelling, M., 2015. Positioning resilience for 2015: the role of resistance, incremental adjustment and transformation in disaster risk management policy. Disasters, 39(s1).
McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015. Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press.
Olson, D.L. and Wu, D.D., 2015. Enterprise risk management(Vol. 3). World Scientific Publishing Company.
Paton, D. and Johnston, D., 2017. Disaster resilience: an integrated approach. Charles C Thomas Publisher.
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