Different System Tools and Techniques to Solve Project Problems
Discuss about the Program and Portfolio Management Information Systems for Knowledge.
Project Management is considered as an application that has processes, knowledge, experience, methods, and skills that helps to achieve the objectives of the project. The project is basically a unique process that is undertaken to achieve the objectives that are planned, transient endeavor in a project (Peixoto et al., 2016). The project can be defined in accordance of outputs, benefits, as well as outcomes that is achieved after completion of the project. A project is regarded to be successful is the outcomes or the objective of the project is accepted according to the criteria with the accepted budget as well as timescale.
The main factor that makes project management different from only management is that project management has final deliverable within a particular time span. Whereas, the management is considered to be an ongoing process (Boyle, 2017). To encourage the project management, the experts or the managers who controls project management needs to have wide skills on managing that may include technical skills as well.as the expert should also have awareness about the business that is carried out and skills related to people management.
To solve the problems of the projects, there is no one particular tool that helps to solve the problems clearly. There are many tools and techniques that helps a project manager to solve the problem in project manager.
The techniques that are used by project managers to solve the problem of project involves steps including five problem solving methods (Sánchez, 2015). The five solving methods includes Defining the problem, determining all causes that creates problem, generate the ideas, select best solution, and then take the actions accordingly.
The tools that are mostly used by the project management managers includes PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) and Gantt Charts. These tools are created manually with a software of project management.
The PERT method of solving problem includes planning as well as control tool that is used to define and control the tasks that are necessary for completing a project (Fleming & Koppelman, 2016). The CPM (Critical Path Method) charts and the PERT charts are used in a project solving method interchangeably. But the computing process of both the methods are different.
Gantt charts basically shows the time on calendar. Task management within the time is shown in the Gantt charts for months, weeks and days (Crawford, 2014). This tool shows the starting time of the project, elapsed time as well as completion time of each task in the project. The processes in the project are tracked with Gantt charts.
Importance of System Engineering
System engineering is increasing its importance especially in projects that aims to build complex and large projects. With an application of proper system engineering methodologies, the complexity of the projects are usually managed and also helps to track the change during the life cycle of the system (Turner, 2016). With the implementation of system engineering in completion of the project, the delivery of the project is done faster compared to previous delivery.
A proper system engineering processes and principles are most important with the industries so that they can maintain and establish their level of competiveness. With the implementation of system engineering process, the industries can easily penetrate in to the market and then deliver a high quality of product to the customers in efficient way. The system engineering mainly offers rigorous process for the requirement of management that is helpful for the project team for producing a requirement of high quality. To present a project with requirements of high quality, the project team basically ensure the design of system reflecting the user requirement and that changes or the modifications that are time consuming for the system are done in later phase are also minimized. Above all, the team of project can deliver the project on time.
The concepts of the system engineering and the methodologies helps to understand the importance of scope of the project and helps to plan the critical activities of the projects. The system engineering helps how to manage the efforts to reduce the risks and successfully deliver a value quality product to the customer (Martinelli & Milosevic, 2016). The system engineer that works on the particular project mainly plans, monitors the project, confront the risks, as well as deliver the technical aspects of project. These aspects are followed by the manager to provide similar kind of activities throughout the life cycle of the project. The concept of system engineering shared concerns when there is confusion and there is possibility of tension in between the roles of project manager and in between the role of system engineer in a project.
Many of the projects uses shared responsibilities for making plans as well as managing the activities. In some of the cases, particularly in smaller projects, project manager can be the lead technical member for the team that performs both the roles of system engineer and the project manager (Nicholas & Steyn, 2017). The system engineering also includes an effective communication in between the project manager and the system for organizing a project. A proper communication should take place.
System Engineering Concepts and Methodologies Helping Managers to Organize a Project
The project management provides a project with many advantages from which the project team, project manager and the client gets profited. Project management does not only mean maintaining three aspects of project management that is delivering the project on time, maintaining its budget and understanding the scope of the project (Hornstein, 2015). Project management means uniting the teams and the client, creating a particular vision of success and takes all the team members to achieve a same objective that is needed for the project. When the project is delivered successfully, then the team member gets a positive vibe for working. There are some advantages that the project management provides in completion of a project successfully. Project management is important in for achieving the following features in project management.
- Strategic Alignment- The project management is important because it ensures the content that is being delivered, the content that is right and should deliver a value that is real against business opportunities.
- Leadership- Project Management is important because it brings leadership as well as shows the direction of project.
- Provides clear focus as well as Objectives- Project Management helps to get a clear focus on the project and also ensures that there is a proper plan for getting the strategic goals in a project.
- Real Project Planning- Project management is very much important to project as it ensures the expectations that the set for achieving the goals of the project and about when the project will be delivered and how will it be delivered.
- Risk Management- The Project Management is also important in project for maintaining the risks in a project and also helps to mitigate the risks that are involved with the project.
Project Management that is involved in a project helps in effective knowledge management as well as decision making (Binder, 2016). The knowledge management can be utilized for essential modern organizations that fulfills the expectations of the stakeholder, enhance the business performance, as well as build a reputation for the global competitions to ensure the project that is being delivered on the scheduled time with all the scope and budgets that are planned.
If project management is involved in a project in enhance the decision making of the project. Project management helps the Knowledge Management in modern organization to fulfill the expectation of the stakeholder, and deliver the project on time along with the budget. Knowledge management is considered to be an excellent follower of project management (Kerzner, 2018). This plays a significant role in improving the rate of success by creating as well as capturing the exact knowledge with success rate of the project management practices. The project management helps the project to apply as well as facilitate the knowledge of the project in the organization. There are many potential effects that the knowledge management and decision making has on project management.
Advantages- There are many advantages that are provided by the project, program, and portfolio application system (Špundak, 2014). The advantages that are to be considered for the PPPM are stated below.
Involvement- PPPM allows involvement of requirements in all verticals. The portfolios helps to gain attention of the senior management and have them involved from beginning for success of projects across all the projects.
Inventory- The PPPM helps to maintain the inventory of the project as it is not possible to keep an update on the inventory (Marcelino-Sádaba et al., 2014). So, for keeping a look in the inventory of the project, the project manager needs to implement PPPM in the project.
Importance of Project Management to Meet the Objectives of the Project
Risk- The risk that are related with the project can be mitigated with the project, program and portfolio management in the project. The organization can face less risk with the implementation of PPPM.
Disadvantages-
Resource- The resource in a project management is useful with respect to the responsibility of the program. But with respect to portfolio management, the resource is a disadvantage, there can be chance of misappropriation in the project.
There are many industries that follows the rules and regulations of program, project, and portfolio management. All over the world there are about 678 companies that use PPPM (Joslin & Müller, 2015). The most common country to use the PPPM is United States and the Computer Software industry also uses PPPM in the countries. The companies that use 10000 employees and also use 10000 million dollars as revenue.
The industries that use project management is computer software, information technology services, banking, insurance, retail, telecommunication, Financial service, recruitment and staffing, banking, hospital, pharmaceuticals, staffing recruitment and health care.
The PPPM makes many formal approach for selecting as well as prioritize the projects that helps to align the direction, objective, as well as strategies of the organization. The PPPM is considered to be a formal approach for selecting and prioritizing the projects aligning the direction, objective, and strategy. With the tightening the budgets and availability of resource.
The PPPM helps to understand the strategic context for critical business. The PPPM use a systematic decision making of process for supporting the team for making choices (Kerzner & Kerzner, 2017). There are many projects that are monitored by PPPM by shared approach for incorporating the practices and tools in the project.
Conclusion
There are many core components that project management includes. The first component include about defining the necessity of the project, second involves gathering the project requirements, with specified deliverable quality. The third components includes about preparing a business case so that it justifies all investment to be made. The next step include involves in implementing the plan and developing the plan. At the time of development, proper management of risk is to be done and motivation is given to the project team. Simultaneously, the project planning budget is to be maintained, and there should be a good communication in between the team members and the project managers. After all these components completion, the project leads to project closing with all the objective fulfilled.
PM Leads to Effective Knowledge Management and Decision Making
From the above discussion, it is clearly understandable that project management is very useful for completing a project successfully. The project management should fulfill three factors that includes scope of the project, quality of the project, and maintain the cost of the project. This essay clearly defined the tools and techniques that helps to solve the problems of the project. The importance of system engineering is also defined in this essay with their concepts and methodologies that helps all managers to organize a project. The importance of Project Management to fulfill the objective of the project is defined in this essay. The importance of project management to enhance decision making is also defined in this essay. A detailed discussion is done about the PPPM (Project, Program, and Portfolio Management) is also elaborated in this report that defines its important in successful completion of a project.
References
Binder, J. (2016). Global project management: communication, collaboration and management across borders. Routledge.
Boyle, G. (2017). Design project management. Routledge.
Crawford, J. K. (2014). Project management maturity model. CRC Press.
Fleming, Q. W., & Koppelman, J. M. (2016, December). Earned value project management. Project Management Institute.
Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), 291-298.
Joslin, R., & Müller, R. (2015). Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts. International Journal of Project Management, 33(6), 1377-1392.
Kerzner, H. (2018). Project management best practices: Achieving global excellence. John Wiley & Sons.
Kerzner, H., & Kerzner, H. R. (2017). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Marcelino-Sádaba, S., Pérez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A. M. E., & Villanueva, P. (2014). Project risk management methodology for small firms. International journal of project management, 32(2), 327-340.
Martinelli, R. J., & Milosevic, D. Z. (2016). Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley & Sons.
Nicholas, J. M., & Steyn, H. (2017). Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor & Francis.
Nicholas, J. M., & Steyn, H. (2017). Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor & Francis.
Peixoto, J., Tereso, A., Fernandes, G., & Almeida, R. (2016). A Project Risk Management Methodology Developed for an Electrical Portuguese Organization. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals (IJHCITP), 7(1), 1-19.
Sánchez, M. A. (2015). Integrating sustainability issues into project management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, 319-330.
Špundak, M. (2014). Mixed agile/traditional project management methodology–reality or illusion?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 119, 939-948.
Turner, R. (2016). Gower handbook of project management. Routledge.
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