Recent Development Of Design And Construction

Aims and objectives

Discuss about the Recent Development of Design and Construction.

A young lady of 26 years has shared her experience on how she was feeling insecure at the time of travelling in railway public transport. When she was walking on the station she was feeling that someone was following her. The young lady has stated that she does not feel secured in travelling at night in Australia by railway transport (abc.net.au, 2018). The entire station of Melbourne is shrouded with darkness where people feel insecure in walking alone. The rate of threatening, snatching, robbery was increasing day by day in stations. As a result, it was very difficult for general public to use railway transport at night. However, numerous researchers and practitioners have raised their voice after identifying the issue.

This very specific study after identifying the research issue has focused to make detailed overview on how railway department of Melbourne has taken effective initiatives in security risk assessment and management in railway transport for providing a safe and secured journey to the passengers. In order to collect appropriate data and information regarding the research issue this specific research proposal would select appropriate methodological tools for evaluating information (Peng et al., 2016). While gathering data the researcher would like to focus on reliability and validity of data resources. As a result, the information that would be collected for conducting the entire research work is very much authentic and trustworthy for readers.

Security issue in railway transport of Australia especially in Melbourne has become a major concern for large number of practitioners and researchers. Large numbers of women while travelling in train is facing challenges in making a comfortable journey. In addition, several railway stations of Australia especially Melbourne is shrouded in darkness after evening. The stations are not well decorated with lights and other securities (Kaewunruen, Sussman & Einstein, 2015). As a result, the number of unsocial activities is increasing day by day. After highlighting the issue, the Australian railway government has implemented effective initiatives for measuring the issue properly in order to manage the risk factors. However, this very specific research proposal would provide detailed overview on how railway department is rendering appropriate regulations and acts on gun control, technological development, cyber security and health security (Faghih-Roohi, Xie & Ng, 2014). The study would critically evaluate whether these initiatives of risk management and security assessment is beneficial for the residents of Melbourne or not. 

Justification and potential output of the research

The primary aim of this very specific research is to analyze the impact of Security risk assessment and management in railway transport of Melbourne. The research proposal would critically evaluate whether the risk control procedures imposed on railway transport is effective for regular passengers of Melbourne or not. The objectives of this very specific study are as follows:

• To critically understand the impact of Security risk assessment and management in railway transport of Melbourne
• To analyze the factors that affect in implementing effective risk control strategy on railway transport
• To provide major recommendations on how to overcome the barriers of implementing effective risk control strategy on railway transport

Research questions for this very specific study are as follows:

• What is the impact of Security risk assessment and management in railway transport of Melbourne
• What are the factors that affect in implementing effective risk control strategy on railway transport
• What are the major recommendations for overcoming the barriers of implementing effective risk control strategy on railway transport

            This specific study is highly beneficial for those people who have to use public railway transport for regular basis. In this very specific study, the author would like to highlight the problems that regular passengers have to face while travelling especially at night. The study would provide detailed vista on how Australian railway government would render effective initiatives for controlling the risk factors (Salmon et al., 2016). However, the output of the entire study is not devoid of some of its most effective limitations as well. The study does not focus in collecting appropriate data about the effectiveness of risk control strategies. The researcher does not give detailed clarification where the implemented rules and regulations on railway transport are effective enough in preventing safety issue or not. In order to clarify this research area the study needs to gather more data and information from various reliable resources (Larue et al., 2015). Otherwise, the entire output of the research work is very much effective and positive.

After making an in-depth research from numerous eminent scholars it is observed that railway transport of Australia is facing immense safety issues. As a result, passengers are feeling insecure in maintaining their regular journey in railway station of Australia. The numbers of unsocial activists are rising day by day. Yan, Dai and Hu (2015) opined that they are targeting both female and male passengers. It has been observed that the functionality of digital train radio system (DTRS) did not allow an emergency call to override an initial lower priority call.  As a result, women at their emergency needs do not get any help from the authority. In addition, the rail compartments after evening are not protected with police security. As a result, women while travelling feel extreme level of insecurity.

In addition, passengers have to get harassed from local snatchers. In quest of committing numerous unsocial activities snatchers tend to target railway stations of Australia as these are not properly protected and decorated at night. People have to receive threatening from those antisocial activists while travelling in railway transport. As a result, ordinary people have to face immense difficulties in leading a safe and healthy life. Naweed, Rainbird and Dance (2015) opined that women especially while travelling at night have to be harassed and humiliated in railway station even within compartments. On the other hand, it has also been observed that the passengers do not get proper response of their emergency call from railway government. As a result, the role of Victoria’s Protective Services Officers is getting questioned. In large number of cases women have to face sexual harassment in railway station due to proper security and protection. Automatically, the image and reputation of railway department of Australia is getting affected day by day.

Conceptual framework and hypothesis development

In order to take an immediate step regarding this massive issue Australian government has decided to take some of the most effective measures for rendering security within railway transport. First of all, Victoria’s Protective Services Officers have played most significant role in resolving the issues of railway transport. As per the opinion of Dawson, Searle and Paterson (2014), sufficient number of police protection is provided in every railway compartment of Australia after evening. As a result, women do not have to get afraid in travelling alone. In addition, giving a proper police protection would help the passengers in maintaining travel etiquettes and regulations. Decency is maintained from the end of passengers as well.

In addition, it is reported that women feel unsafe and being stalked on the station road of Melbourne. After receiving this complaints Australian government has decided to decorate the station with proper lights, electricity and security guard. As a result, the passengers would not feel unsafe in walking alone on the station road. Laurino, Ramella and Beria (2015) opined that the railway department of Australia is still not very advanced on technology. In this kind of situation, the authority cannot take an effective measure immediately after facing issues. As stated by Dhillon (2016), the emergency call system is not updated which would handle passengers’ issues as per priority.  However, as per current scenario, the government would have to decide implemented advanced technology based on which they can handle emergency issue as per priority level. At the same time, by implementing RIFD (Radio-frequency identification) the controller would get and identify a proper track about the transportation of rail. Automatically, if the anti-social activists tend to hijack the train by changing its track the controller can identify its motion. This tracker would definitely help to rescue the train from being hijacked.

As per the initiative taken by Australian government passengers can get sufficient food and water while travelling. There is a pantry facility from where passengers can purchase foods and drink while travelling. As a result, people do not have to face health issue while maintaining transportation. Kaewunruen and Remennikov (2016) stated that the implementation of health and safety act within railway department enabled the authority to take care about the health issue of passengers. If an individual passenger has to face challenges regarding health while travelling the railway department should provide necessary facility to the individual so that the passenger get proper treatment. These kinds of facilities and benefits provided by Australia government are really praiseworthy based on which passengers do not have to struggle in travelling.

While implementing necessary security system and risk control policy the government of railway has to face immense challenges. Peng et al., (2016) stated that economy is considered as one of the biggest constraints due to which government could not implement proper risk control policy. In order to instruct police force for protecting the railway passengers at night government has to provide additional remuneration to these professionals. As a result, the authority has to invest large amount of money for protecting and securing the passengers. Like the same way decorating every railway station with lights and security guard is a matter of huge amount of budget. It is very much difficulties for Australian government for taking an immediate steps in this matter. Ferdous et al., (2015) opined that Implementing advanced technology within railway administration and operation process is a matter of long budget. The government may have to face challenges in rendering development in these specific sectors specifically.

Moreover, implementation of advanced technology within operation process is not the ultimate. Mooren et al., (2014), the employees associated with the railway department needs to be accustomed with the advanced technology so that they can operate the technology properly. In case of any kind of sudden technological barrier the employees should have to capability of overcoming the issue. However, these specific barriers are serious concern for department of railway based on which they may have to struggle in implementing effective risk control system within railway transport.

For this specific research proposal hypothesis is made based on three major research objectives:

Research methodology is the systematic procedure of gathering appropriate data and information with the help of proper methodological tools (Landrum & Garza, 2015). In order to acquire sufficient knowledge about the impact of security risk assessment and management in railway transport of Melbourne the study would like to select specific research methods for analyzing the research issue (Nimbalkar & Indraratna, 2016). In this part the study focuses to use appropriate research approach, philosophy and design for conducting the entire research successfully.   

Research philosophy is the method of creating appropriate research phenomenon based on keen observation or acute philosophical approaches (Henwood, 2014). Research philosophy is constituted with several types including positivism, realism and interpretivism. In this very specific study the research would like to select positivism research philosophy. In positivism research philosophy the researcher would like to make keen observation about the issue while collecting data. Positivists believe that researcher can repeat the flow of observation while collecting necessary data (Indraratna, Nimbalkar & Rujikiatkamjorn, 2014). As a result, research issue can be judged and evaluated from different point of view.   

Research approach is the process of evaluating data based on appropriate theory and practice. Deductive and inductive approaches are the two major types based on which theories related to the research issue are evaluated (Choy, 2014). In this very specific study the researcher would like to select deductive approach based on which existing theories are evaluated from different perspectives. Research design is primarily made for interpreting collected data from different point of views (Fauzy et al., 2015). Amidst three types of research design method such as exploratory, explanatory and descriptive research design the study would like to select descriptive research design. This specific method would help the researcher in analyzing collected data and information from different point of view by using different eminent scholars.

In order to gather data from different resources the study would like to focus on evaluating necessary information from specific number of people amidst large population. This specific technique is otherwise named as sampling method. Sampling technique is of two major types including non-probability sampling method and probability sampling method (Bryman, 2017). Non-probability sampling method would be selected in this study based on which the research would like to select only railway passengers of Melbourne for providing their own point of views.

Data collection method is the process of acquiring information from various sources for getting a conclusion of research issue (Barnham, 2015). Data collection is constituted with two major types like primary source of data collection technique and secondary source of data collection technique. Primary source of data collection enables the researcher in gathering appropriate information from participants directly (McCusker & Gunaydin, 2015). As a result, the entire data is not delayed to be collected. On the other hand, secondary source of data collection technique enables the researcher to gather information from various journals, magazine, books, and online websites and so on. This very specific study would focus to select primary source of data collection technique for directly involving the passengers of Melbourne. Total 100 passengers would be involved in the survey method for gathering their response in order to know the impact of security risk assessment and management in railway transport of Melbourne. 

In order to analyze necessary data and information the study would follow quantitative form of questionnaires. As the research issue is dependent on two major variables the study would like to select regression analysis for analyzing data and information. Regression analysis is effective enough in maintaining accuracy of data and information (Hoy & Adams, 2015). In order to prove research issue properly hypothesis test would be conducted as well.

This specific part would evaluate on how the entire research would be planned as per specific chapter. Organization of the study is as follows:

• Chapter one will be the Research Proposal that introduces the research issue as a whole
• Chapter two will describe critical evaluation about the impact of Security risk assessment and management in railway transport
• Chapter three will include the details of methodology including research philosophy, approach and design
• Chapter four will imply the findings and analysis of the proposed research.
• Chapter five will summarize the conclusion and prove the identified research issue as positive or negative

Estimated budget for making the entire research plan

Table 1: Estimated budget for making the entire research plan

(Source: As created by the author)

Table 2: Project activities and gnat chart

(Source: As created by the author)

Conclusion:

The study has provided detailed overview about the impact of security risk assessment and management in railway transport of Melbourne. Security issue in railway transport of Australia especially in Melbourne has become a major concern for large number of practitioners and researchers. Large numbers of women while travelling in train is facing challenges in making a comfortable journey. The research proposal has critically evaluated whether the risk control procedures imposed on railway transport is effective for regular passengers of Melbourne or not. The study has analyzed whether these initiatives of risk management and security assessment is beneficial for the residents of Melbourne or not.  The numbers of unsocial activists are rising day by day. They are targeting both female and male passengers. As a result, ordinary people have to face immense difficulties in leading a safe and healthy life. Women especially while travelling at night have to be harassed and humiliated in railway station even within compartments.

In order to overcome this kind of situation, Victoria’s Protective Services Officers have played most significant role in resolving the issues of railway transport. Sufficient number of police protection is provided in every railway compartment of Australia after evening. The study has also discussed necessary barriers that railway government has faced for implementing security risk assessment and management. In order to prove hypothesis the study has developed three major hypotheses based on three objectives. In addition, appropriate methodological tools are used to collect appropriate data and information. This very specific study primarily focuses use primary source of data collection technique for involving the railways passengers directly.

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