26. What is the purpose of modern-day assessment centers?A. To select officers for the militaryB. To assess, identify and develop leadership potentialC. To select civil servants for the governmentD. To select special agents and spies27. What is the first step in improving the bench strength of the leaders within an organization?A. To promote the right peopleB. To cultivate employee loyaltyC. To be up-to-date with the latest developments in technologyD. To evaluate and reward its leaders28. How can one differentiate between successful and unsuccessful leaders?A. By the attributes of their followersB. By the attributes they possessC. By the productivity of their followersD. By the behaviors they exhibit29. What is a disadvantage of judging the effectiveness of a leader based on the subordinatesâ ratings?A. Results are due to factors beyond leadersâ controlB. There may be no links between ratings and unit performanceC. Ratersâ unwillingness to provide tough feedbackD. Raters are unaware of true performance30. What is the advantage of judging the effectiveness of a leader based onsuperiorsâ ratings?A. Multiple ratersB. Subject of leadersâ behaviorsC. Frequently usedD. Actual results31. Oftentimes these individuals are given lower performance appraisal ratingsbecause superiors do not want them to get promoted.A. CheerleadersB. Results only managersC. In name only managersD. Competent managers32. This phenomenon is becoming more prevalent as organizations move to- ward virtual teams or increase the number of people any one superior may supervise.A. Superiors may be largely unaware or unfamiliar with a target leaderâsperformanceB. Superiors do not take the time to provide accurate performance ap- praisal ratingsC. Superiors have difficulty dealing with conflictD. Superiors would rather give average ratings than deal with the emo- tions associated with unflattering ratings33. An in-depth examination of a leaderâs behavior in a particular set ofcircumstances is a(n)A. Case studyB. Correlational studyC. ExperimentD. Nomothetic study34. A politicianâs advisor explains how demographic changes in the politicianâsdistrict make it important for the politician to spend relatively more time in the district seeing constituents than she has needed to in the recent past. This is an example ofA. IngratiationB. An inspirational appealC. A consultationD. A rational persuasion35. When a minister makes an impassioned plea to members of hiscongregation about the good works which could be accomplished if a pro- posed addition to the church were built, he isA. Making a personal appealB. Making an inspirational appealC. Making a rational persuasionD. Using ingratiation36. This occurs when agents ask targets to participate in planning an activity.A. Rational persuasionB. IngratiationC. ConsultationD. Personal appeal37. A salespersonâs good-natured or flattering banter with you before you make a decision about purchasing a product exemplifiesA. Rational persuasionB. ConsultationC. Personal appealD. Ingratiation38. Coalition tacticsA. Are used when agents seek the aid of others to influence the targetB. Occur when agents ask targets to participate in planning an activityC. Occur when the agent attempts to get you in a good mood beforemaking a requestD. Are used when agents ask another to do a favor out of friendship39. _____ occur when agents make requests based on their position or author- ity.A. Pressure tacticsB. Legitimizing tacticsC. ExchangesD. Coalition tactics40. A judge who gives a convicted prisoner a suspended sentence but tells him to consider the suspension a âsword hanging over your headâ if he breaks the law again is usingA. Legitimizing tacticsB. Coalition tacticsC. Pressure tacticsD. Rational persuasion41. Leaders who have only coercive or legitimate power may be able to use only _____ to influence followers.A. Coalition tacticsB. Inspirational appealsC. ConsultationsD. Ingratiation42. People typically use legitimizing or pressure tactics whenA. They are at a disadvantageB. An influencer has the upper handC. They expect resistanceD. Parties are relatively equal in power43. One of the predictions for what the _____ generation might look like as itsmembers move through their 20s is that they will develop community norms based on rules, standards and personal responsibility.A. BoomerB. XerC. NexterD. Veteran44. Moral reasoning refers toA. The process leaders use to make decisions about values and ethicsB. The espoused values of individualsC. The morality of individuals per seD. The process leaders use to make decisions about ethical and unethical behaviors45. In the pre-conventional level of moral development, the criteria for moralbehaviorA. Are based primarily on self-interestB. Are based primarily on gaining othersâ approvalC. Are based on universal, abstract principlesD. Are based primarily on behaving conventionally46. What do leaders with strong recognition values value the most?A. AchievementB. FameC. Meeting new peopleD. Moral rules47. Leaders with strong _____ values enjoy competition, being seen as influ- ential and drive hard to make an impact.A. RecognitionB. AltruisticC. PowerD. Hedonism48. Film directors, musical conductors or marketing leaders are examples ofleaders with strongA. Affiliation valuesB. Power valuesC. Security valuesD. Aesthetics values49. Leaders with these values are motivated by pleasure, variety and excite- ment and can often be found in the entertainment, hospitality, recreation, sports, sales or travel industries.A. TraditionB. HedonismC. AltruisticD. Affiliation50. This is not an organizational level of leadership in the principle-centeredleadership approach.A. ManagerialB. PersonalC. CulturalD. Interpersonal