Question 1 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[08.04]<object:standard:sc.912.l.17.15>Which of the following best summarizes the main causes of water pollution today?
[removed] increased runoff, driving, discarded oil
[removed] evaporation, new construction, overpopulation
[removed] waste from wildlife, decaying vegetation, automobiles
[removed] leaking septic and sewer systems, manufacturing, farming
Question 2 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[05.06]When 5.6 grams of NaCl are dissolved in enough water to create a 125-gram solution, what is the solution’s concentration, expressed as a percent by mass?
[removed] 3.6% NaCl
[removed] 3.8% NaCl
[removed] 4.5% NaCl
[removed] 4.7% NaCl
Question 3 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.04]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.6>On a potential energy diagram for the following processes, which of the following has a decrease in entropy?
[removed] melting
[removed] freezing
[removed] boiling
[removed] sublimation
Question 4 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.02]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.8, sc.912.p.8.11=””>Which of the following is the salt in the Brønsted-Lowry neutralization reaction?
HBr + NaHCO3 H2CO3 + NaBr
[removed] HBr
[removed] NaHCO3
[removed] H2CO3
[removed] NaBr
Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.05]<object:standard:sc.912.p.12.13>Which of the following is not a result when a change to an equilibrium system is applied?
[removed] Increasing the rate of the forward reaction will cause a shift to the left.
[removed] Increasing the rate of the reverse reaction will cause a shift to the left.
[removed] Decreasing the rate of the forward reaction will cause a shift to the left.
[removed] Decreasing the rate of the reverse reaction will cause a shift to the right.
Question 6 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[08.06]<object:standard:sc.912. l.16.10=””>Biotechnology has allowed us to genetically modify corn with a gene that acts as a pesticide. What could be a possible environmental impact of this development?
[removed] Insects resistant to the specific pesticide would develop over time.
[removed] The surplus of corn would rot and decay releasing additional greenhouse gases.
[removed] The price of corn would drop dramatically because of a greater supply with no increase in demand.
[removed] Countries able to buy the new corn seeds would see increases in their economy and pollution would rise.
Question 7 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.05]<object:standard:sc.912.p.12.13>What would happen if CH4 was removed from the following reaction that has reached equilibrium?
CO (g) + 3H2 (g) CH4 (g) + H2O (g)
[removed] The reaction would not be affected.
[removed] The equilibrium would shift to the right.
[removed] The equilibrium would shift to the left.
[removed] The product concentration would equal the reactants.
Question 8 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[08.01]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.11, sc.912.p.10.12=””>If the half-life of Technitium-104 is 18.0min, how much of a 14.2g sample will remain after 72 minutes?
[removed] 3.55g
[removed] 1.78g
[removed] 0.888g
[removed] 0.444g
Question 9 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[05.07]<object:standard:sc.912. p.8.9.=””>How many milliliters of a 1.25 molar hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution would be needed to react completely with 60.0 grams of calcium metal?
Ca (s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
[removed] 1200 ml
[removed] 2400 ml
[removed] 3750 ml
[removed] 9600 ml
Question 10 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[08.01]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.11, sc.912.p.10.12=””>Which of the following statements is not true of gamma radiation?
[removed] Gamma rays have no mass.
[removed] Gamma rays severely damage living cells.
[removed] Gamma rays are high frequency electromagnetic waves.
[removed] Gamma rays are deflected toward the positive terminal in a magnetic field.
Question 11 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.02]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.6>On a potential energy diagram, what is true about activation energy?
[removed] Activation energy is the same for both endothermic and exothermic reactions.
[removed] Activation energy is greater for endothermic reactions.
[removed] Activation energy is greater for exothermic reactions.
[removed] Activation energy is represented by a negative slope.
Question 12 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.05]<object:standard:sc.912.n.3.5, sc.912.p.12.12=””>According to the collision theory and model created to explain the collision theory, why does a catalyst cause a reaction to speed up?
[removed] It lowers the activation energy.
[removed] It increases the collisions per minute.
[removed] It increases the average kinetic energy of the particles.
[removed] It increases the kinetic energy and the collisions per minute.
Question 13 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.02]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.8, sc.912.p.8.11=””>If it requires 37.5 mL of a 0. 245 M HBr solution to neutralize 18.0 mL Mg(OH)2, what is the concentration of the Mg(OH) 2 solution?
2 HBr + Mg(OH) 2 Mg(Br) 2 + 2 H2O
[removed] 0.0120 M
[removed] 0.0255 M
[removed] 0.118 M
[removed] 0.510 M
Question 14 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.06]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.8>Which of the following chemical reactions is an oxidation-reduction reaction?
[removed] NO + 2H2 NH3 + H2O
[removed] NaNO3 + LiF LiNO3 + NaF
[removed] CaSO4 + 2KBr K2SO4 + CaBr2
[removed] AgNO3 + 2HCl AgCl + 2HNO3
Question 15 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[08.03]<object:standard:sc.912. l.17.19=””>Heat from the Earth’s core and pressure on the remains of dead plants and animals create which of the following resources?
[removed] biofuel and hydro-electric
[removed] natural gas and coal
[removed] nuclear power and geothermal
[removed] geothermal power and biofuel
Question 16 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.04]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.6>On a potential energy diagram, the activation energy is greatest under which of the following conditions?
[removed] The potential energy of the products is greater than the reactants and the change in enthalpy is positive.
[removed] The potential energy of the products is less than the reactants and the change in enthalpy is positive.
[removed] The potential energy of the products is greater than the reactants and the change in enthalpy is negative.
[removed] The potential energy of the products is less than the reactants and the change in enthalpy is negative.
Question 17 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.01]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.2>How would a system in which both matter and energy are exchanged freely between the system and the surroundings be classified?
[removed] an open system
[removed] an isolated system
[removed] a closed system
[removed] an integrated system
Question 18 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.06]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.10>What is the oxidation number of sulfur (S) in magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)?
[removed] +2
[removed] +3
[removed] +6
[removed] +7
Question 19 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.03]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.5>Which substance will require more energy to heat if all the samples have the same mass?
[removed] Lead
[removed] Magnesium
[removed] Iron
[removed] Aluminum
Question 20 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[05.01]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.1, sc.912.p.8.2=””>Which of the following describes what occurs as a liquid becomes a solid?
[removed] A physical change occurs; the particles of the liquid vibrate faster and their kinetic energy increases.
[removed] A physical change occurs; the particles of the liquid vibrate more slowly and their kinetic energy decreases.
[removed] A chemical change occurs; the particles of the liquid vibrate faster and their kinetic energy increases.
[removed] A chemical change occurs; the particles of the liquid vibrate more slowly and their kinetic energy decreases.
Question 21 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.03]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.2, sc.912.p.10.5=””>A 5.45g combustible sample is burned in a calorimeter. The heat generated changes the temperature of 555g water from 20.5°C to 39.5°C. How much energy is released by the burning? The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/ (°C × g).
[removed] 564 J
[removed] 2500 J
[removed] 44100 J
[removed] 138000 J
Question 22 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[08.02]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.11>How can a sample of uranium-235 that has critical mass be induced to react?
[removed] It must be spilt with a laser.
[removed] It must be fused to a helium nucleus.
[removed] It must be bombarded it with neutrons.
[removed] It must be shot with light speed electrons.
Question 23 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.01]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.11>What happens when an acid reacts with an active metal?
[removed] A neutralization reaction occurs.
[removed] Hydronium ion concentration is increased.
[removed] Oxygen gas is produced.
[removed] Hydrogen gas is produced.
Question 24 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.05]<object:standard:sc.912.n.3.5, sc.912.p.12.12=””>According to the collision theory and model created to explain the collision theory, what is the best explanation for why a higher temperature makes a reaction go faster?
[removed] There are more collisions per minute.
[removed] It increases the distance between the particles.
[removed] It increases the average kinetic energy of the particles.
[removed] It increases the average kinetic energy and there are more collisions per minute.
Question 25 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.04]<object:standard:sc.912.p.12.13>Which answer describes a chemical reaction in equilibrium?
[removed] The reactants are all used up.
[removed] All the product is formed.
[removed] The forward and reverse reactions have ceased.
[removed] The forward and reverse reaction rates are the same.
Question 26 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[08.03]<object:standard:sc.912. l.17.19=””>Which of the following best describes the forces that generate geothermal power?
[removed] Heat energy beneath the Earth’s surface heats underground water into steam.
[removed] Heat from the Earth’s core and pressure transform the remains of dead plants and animals.
[removed] Energy of the sun strikes photovoltaic cells producing a flow of electrons.
[removed] Heat energy is released during nuclear fission and steam is produced to turn a turbine.
Question 27 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.04]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.2>Which of the following circumstances will result in a reaction that is spontaneous at all temperatures?
[removed] positive enthalpy change and positive entropy change
[removed] negative enthalpy change and negative entropy change
[removed] positive enthalpy change and negative entropy change
[removed] negative enthalpy change and positive entropy change
Question 28 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[05.06]<object:standard:sc.912.l.18.12>Water is a polar molecule and attracts other polar molecules. Which of the following is a consequence of this property?
[removed] Water is considered to be a universal solvent.
[removed] Water can only dissolve a limited amount of solute.
[removed] When water freezes, the molecules move farther apart.
[removed] The water in lakes and ponds freezes from the top down.
Question 29 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.04]<object:standard:sc.912.p.12.13>What is the correct balanced equation for the following equilibrium constant expression?
[removed] CO2 (g) CO (g) + ½ O2 (g)
[removed] CO2 (g) CO (g) + O2 (g)
[removed] 2 CO2 (g) 2 CO (g) + O2 (g)
[removed] 2CO (g) + O2 (g) CO2 (g)
Question 30 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.06]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.10>In the chemical reaction shown below, which element was oxidized?
2K + Cl2 2KCl
[removed] K, because it lost one electron
[removed] K, because it gained one electron
[removed] Cl, because it lost one electron
[removed] Cl, because it gained one electron
Question 31 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.01]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.11>Which of the following correctly shows a neutralization reaction between a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion?
[removed] H+ + H2O H3O+
[removed] H2O H+ + OH–
[removed] H3O+ + OH– 2 H2O
[removed] H2O + NH3 OH– + NH4+
Question 32 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[05.03]<object:standard:sc.912.p.12.10>If 1.20 moles of an ideal gas occupy a volume of 18.2 L at a pressure of 1.80 atm, what is the temperature of the gas, in degrees Celsius?
[removed] -125°C
[removed] 59.5°C
[removed] 273°C
[removed] 332°C
Question 33 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[08.02]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.11> Which describes nuclear power plants?
[removed] They generate power directly from nuclear reactions.
[removed] They supply over 50% of the nation’s power needs.
[removed] Compared to fossil fuels, they require much less fuel.
[removed] They have more atmospheric pollutants compared to fossil fuels.
Question 34 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[05.08]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.2.>A student dissolves 4.5 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) into 75 g of water (H2O). Which of the following statements is correct regarding the resulting solution when it is compared to the pure solvent?
[removed] Both the vapor pressure and the boiling point will increase.
[removed] The boiling temperature and the freezing temperature will decrease.
[removed] The freezing temperature will increase and the vapor pressure will decrease.
[removed] The vapor pressure will decrease and the boiling temperature will increase.
Question 35 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[05.04]<object:standard:sc.912.p.12.10, sc.912.p.8.9=””>When 1.5 L of methane gas combust in an excess of oxygen at standard temperature and pressure, how many liters of water vapor will be produced?
CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) CO2 (g) + 2H2O (g)
[removed] 0.75 L
[removed] 1.5 L
[removed] 3.0 L
[removed] 6.0 L
Question 36 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.03]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.11>Which of the following pH levels would be the most acidic?
[removed] pH 2
[removed] pH 5
[removed] pH 8
[removed] pH 12
Question 37 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.01]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.2>If you drop a 25 gram piece of metal that has a temperature of 100° Celsius into 1000 grams of water at 20°Celsius, what best describes what would occur?
[removed] The temperature lost by the metal will equal the temperature gained by the water.
[removed] The heat lost by the metal will equal the heat gained by the water.
[removed] The final temperature will be 60°Celsius.
[removed] The final temperature will be more than 60°Celsius.
Question 38 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[08.05]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.12>Which of the following is not true regarding carbon?
[removed] Carbon 12 is radioactive.
[removed] Carbon can form long chains and rings.
[removed] Carbon will bond with other carbon atoms.
[removed] Carbon will readily bond with hydrogen and oxygen.
Question 39 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[07.03]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.11>What is the pH of a 0.00750 M solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl?
[removed] pH = 1.45
[removed] pH = 1.93
[removed] pH = 2.12
[removed] pH = 3.07
Question 40 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[05.03]<object:standard:sc.912.p.12.10>A balloon that contains 0.750 moles of gas has a volume of 16.8 L. If the balloon expands to a volume of 25.4 L at a constant pressure and temperature, how many moles of gas would the balloon contain?
[removed] 0.496 mol
[removed] 0.882 mol
[removed] 1.13 mol
[removed] 6.45 mol
Question 41 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[08.04]<object:standard:sc.912.n.4.2>It is widely known that fossil fuels pollute the environment and cause harmful effects. Why then are fossil fuels still being widely used?
[removed] Not enough of society knows the harmful nature of fossil fuels.
[removed] Cost effective alternatives are not yet ready to replace fossil fuels.
[removed] Alternative fuels offer just as many environmental problems as fossil fuels.
[removed] The demand for alternative fuels cannot be met by current manufacturers.
Question 42 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[05.01]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.1>Which phase of matter is made up of particles that are packed relatively close together, with an indefinite shape but a definite volume?
[removed] gas
[removed] liquid
[removed] plasma
[removed] solid
Question 43 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[05.05]Which of the following would be the best technique to use in order to separate a liquid from a solution?
[removed] chromatography
[removed] evaporation
[removed] filtration
[removed] simple distillation
Question 44 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.02]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.7>When sulfuric acid is poured on sugar the volume expands, it turns black and gets very hot. Which of the following best describes this reaction?
[removed] endothermic
[removed] exothermic
[removed] decomposition
[removed] synthesis
Question 45 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[06.04]<object:standard:sc.912.p.10.2>Which of the following reactions results in a decrease in entropy?
[removed] 6CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g)
[removed] 2NH3 (g) N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)
[removed] N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g)
[removed] 2H2O2 (aq) 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)
Question 46 (Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)
[08.05]<object:standard:sc.912.p.8.12>Carbon naturally occurs in two forms: diamond and graphite. Why do these two forms have very different properties?
[removed] The key difference is that diamonds have other elements bonded within their structure.
[removed] The differences are explained by the number of covalent and ionic bonds within each substance.
[removed] The differences are explained by the density: graphite is very high and diamond is much lower.
[removed] The differences are explained by how the carbon atoms within each substance are covalently bonded together.