1. Counting jails and prisons, approximately how many citizens are incarcerated?
2. Which important scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional in society, help to define norms and expectations for conformity?
3. Political liberals and _______________ encouraged reform of the prison system during the Enlightenment Period.
5. The Penitentiary Act was based upon four core principles where prisoners were confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms. They include
7. The __________ was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each inmate was held in isolation from other inmates.
8. During the Progressive Reform Era, two main strategies were implemented. They included improving conditions in social environments and ______________.
9. The Military Commissions Act (MCA) __________ the ability of “unlawful enemy combatants” to file a writ of habeas corpus.
10. Which court decision held the basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made concerning the disciplining of an inmate?
11. Which case allowed inmates to sue state officials for brutality, inadequate medical care and nutrition, theft of personal property and the denial of basic rights:
13. According to the Supreme Court, the term “totality of conditions” may be legally interpreted as:
15. Experts usually cite _________ as reasons wrongful convictions occur.
22. Recognizance was first used in court to recognize a formally recorded ___________to perform some act entered by a judge to permit an offender to live in the community.
23. Judges may use a range of ________________ sanctions from those exerting a low level of control to those exerting a high level of control.
25. The new movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between standard probation and prison is called:
27. Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as:
31. America’s oldest prison was built in 1798. This prison was located in what city in New Jersey:
38. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe offenders have had it too soft, resulting in:
42. A set of rules of conduct that reflect the values and norms of the prison social system and help to define for inmates the characteristics associated with the model prisoner is known as the:
43. The adaptive role within prison where inmates see the period in prison as a temporary break in their criminal careers is known as: When an inmate views his/her incarceration as a temporary break in their criminal career, their adaptive role is known as:
44. Because inmates are not allowed to carry any currency, the primary method of exchange in prison is:
49. A principal feature in prison society which reinforces the norms and roles of the social system and influences the nature of interpersonal relationships is known as:
50. In 2003 the Prison Rape Elimination Act was created in order to:
Ecological Services
In a 2-3 page paper, using APA-style formatting, define and discuss the concept of ecological services. Then, review the “Ecological Services of Rivers” outlined in Mini Lecture: Water Resources and Water Pollution. From the list, identify two services you believe are the most important and cite at least 3 reasons why. Also, choose two services that you think are most likely to decline due to human influence and cite at least 3 examples of the result of decline of those services.
Grading Criteria Assignments | Maximum Points |
Meets or exceeds established assignment criteria | 0-50 |
Demonstrates an understanding of lesson concepts | 0-20 |
Clearly present well-reasoned ideas and concepts | 0-30 |
Mechanics, punctuation, sentence structure, spelling that affects clarity, APA formatting. | Up to -10 |
Total | 100 |
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