1) Operating systems provide a platform where there is strategic management of both hardware and software to improve computer performance. Different operating systems achieve diverse user needs which provide a greater emphasis on important aspects that make the existing different operating systems unique and different. Silberschatz et al. (2018) assert that the coordination of various programs within a computer system is based on the efficiency of the underlying operating system. The currently existing operating systems use a graphical user interface which hides complex applications that are executed in the background making it possible and easy for a user to use a computer system without having to understand the complex programs and processes that are run.
Linux is one of the existing open source operating systems in the world. The open source element means that the operating system can be modified as well as distributed by anyone without any limitations as per the GNU licenses. This operating system is free and is available in different versions where a user decides a specific version depending on the ease to use based on their skills. Linux is just a kernel, and the Linux distribution makes it complete and easy to use.
Mac OS X is an operating system that was developed by Apple, and the company holds all exclusive rights to the system which include selling, distribution, and update. The system comes pre-loaded in all Macintosh computers. The company has been producing updated versions regularly with the latest El Capitan released in 2015. According to Peter et al. (2016), Mac OS X users account for less than 10% globally. One of the reasons that explain this trend is due to the high cost of Apple computers which makes it less preference for most people.
2) Mobile technologies such as tablet and smartphone use operating systems such as Android and iOS. It is, therefore, evident that both Android and iOS are mobile technologies, but what is the difference between them? Android and iOS can be differentiated in many aspects. For instance, the transfer of files. The transfer of files in iOS is more difficult, and files are only transferred by iTunes desktop. On the other hand, file transfer in Android is easier and is done using either the Android File or Transfer desktop app. In both cases, photos are transferred using USB without the apps (Bala, Sharma & Kaur, 2015).
Again, source model and OS family. Android is partly open source and Linux-based, and its fundamental features are more customizable (Bala, Sharma & Kaur, 2015). The uniform design of iOS elements is described as more user-friendly. While Android is partly open source and Linux-based, iOS is closed with components of open source, and it is both OS X- and UNIX-based (Bala, Sharma & Kaur, 2015). Additionally, but not least, jailbreaking, bootloaders, and rooting. According to Bala, Sharma, Kaur (2015), users of Android have complete control and access over their devices, thus have the ability to unlock the bootloader. On the other hand, users of iOS do not have complete control and access over their operating system, thus unable to unlock their bootloader (Bala, Sharma & Kaur, 2015).
Moreover, cloud services. iOS integrate with the iCloud, and apps are available for Google Photos, Dropbox, OneDrive, Amazon Photos, and Google Drive. On the other hand, Android integrate using Google cloud storage, and apps are available for Dropbox, Amazon Photos, and OneDrive (Bala, Sharma & Kaur, 2015).
3)Comparing UNIX vs LINUX:
Operating system is the computer software that runs on the computer and it used to manage the computer hardware, software, memory and processes on the computer. It allows the computer users to communicate with computer without knowing the computer language. Without operating system it’s almost impossible to operate the computer system. Unix operating was developed in late 1960s at AT&T Bell labs and it was developed in C language. It was developed by Ken Thomson of Bell Labs. Unix operating system works on Command line interface where but recently they have developed a GUI as well. Linux was developed by Linux Torvalds at the university of Helsinki in 1991. Linux operating system takes instruction from computer applications and return the results to application visa Linux OS. Linux can be installed on any devices like phones, tablets etc.
Linux is completely free and can be downloaded from the websites, but the paid versions are also available where as different versions of Unix has different prices based on the vendor providing it. Linux is open source and any one can collaborate online and contribute to its development. Unix development is mostly done AT&T Bell labs and other vendors associated with it. Linux users are developers, home users, computer enthusiast where Unix can be only used in internet servers, workstations and PCs. Linux is portable and it can be carried in USB stick where Unix is not portable. The file types supported by Linux are xfs, nfs, cramfsm ext 1 to 4, ufs, devpts, NTFS where as file types supported by Unix are zfs, hfx, GPS, xfs, vxfs. Different versions of Linux are RedHat, Ubuntu, OpenSuse, Solaris etc. whereas different versions of Unix are AIX,BSD, HP-UX etc. Linux has reported around 60 to 100 virus in it where as Unix has reported at around 80 to 120. BASH is the default Linux shell but it can be operated by different interpreter Where Unix can be interpreted by different shells.
4) In this rising condition, we will in general work on a wide range of parts of life. The greater part of the things we do incorporate innovation or a standard tech stack to have the capacity to chip away at that. For the reason to compose, talk, or to convey in any sense, to discover data in regards to anything on the planet has been made conceivable with the utilization of a convenient gadget called phone(mobile), which chips away at a kind of working framework. There are a wide range of portable working framework exists however two fundamental goliaths are iOS(Apple) and Android(Google).
iOS: iOS is a working framework created and propelled by Apple. The most critical and one of a kind factor of this working framework is that it requires innovation or fundamental working framework worked by Apple only (Mac OS). This working framework still holds the title of best dependable os as it is the best and versatile os out there. To fabricate diverse applications for this gadget it ought to be done through device called Xcode. Distinctive sorts of devices are accessible for ios to test the application and dispatch into the application store like Instruments, Testflight, and so forth. iOS application can be written in two dialects i.e; Swift and Objective C. iOS have all the significant library access to be accessible and made it to the open source.
Android: Android created by Google. This working framework being utilized by various portable organizations shooting their wide scope of gadgets out in general society by keeping their market top an incentive better than average and since their gadgets come less expensive than contrasted contender it tends with be most utilized os in people in general. Android applications can be based on Android Studio instrument. To test the applications there are numerous inward instruments accessible and comparably physically you can allot this undertaking to a robotization device like Appium to discover the bugs. Android applications can be written in Java for the most part yet chiefly logo blocks can likewise be utilized.
5) Back in 2000’s when the operating systems are being introduced to mobile to have a common interface easy manner and useful qualities, the mobile manufacturing giants like Microsoft, Blackberry, Nokia have established a huge user base. They have different targeted audience like Microsoft who likes the phones to have a similar outlook of their personal computers. Blackberry was mostly concentrated on business specific people and users which has more of enterprise options rather than fancy features. Symbian was a generic use and it had most of the users out of all the available operating systems. They included most of the gaming, enterprise options and out of all the operating systems Symbian reached mostly and it was the major success factor for Nokia which ruled the mobile industry until the introduction of Android operating system.
In 2008, Apple introduced a new operating system with the launch of their first iPhone called iOS which was called a first smart phone of its kind. Later a group of companies united and formed an alliance called OSI to create an operating system Android operating system. This was owned by Google. With their introduction of their own features all of the existing operating systems have been outdated and skipped. It is being named as the worst decision which Nokia has took to not to support Android operating systems. It led to their company’s selling to Microsoft and they eventually sold it to a company called HMD global.