Chapter 6:
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Work-Related
Attitudes
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Attitudes
Definition
Relatively stable clusters of feelings, beliefs and behavioral intentions toward a specific object, person, or institution
Prejudice and Discrimination
Definitions
Stereotype: A belief about someone based on the group to which that person belongs
Prejudice: Negative attitudes toward the members of specific groups, based solely on the fact that they are members of those groups
Discrimination: The behavior consistent with a prejudicial attitude. The act of treating someone negatively because of his or her membership in a specific group.
Affirmative Action
Definition
Policy used to promote nondiscriminatory treatment of women and members of minority groups in the workplace
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Diversity Management Programs
Efforts by companies to proactively create supportive work environments for women and minorities
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Job Satisfaction
Unfolding Model of Voluntary Turnover
Motivation in Organizations
Chapter 7
Motivation Components
What Motivates People to Work?
Goal Setting Guidelines
For Managers
Assign specific goals
Assign difficult, but acceptable, performance goals
Vertical stretch goals
Horizontal stretch goals
Provide feedback on goal attainment
Equity Theory
Possible Reactions to Inequity
Equity Theory
Managerial Implications
Avoid underpayment
Avoid overpayment
Be honest and open with employees
Expectancy Theory
Group Dynamics and Work Teams
Chapter 8
Group
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5-Stage Model of Group Formation
Punctuated Equilibrium Model
Social Loafing
Overcoming Social Loafing
Make each performer identifiable
Make work tasks more important and interesting
Reward individuals for contributing to their group’s performance
Use punishment threats
Communication
in Organizations
Chapter 9
Communication Process
Verbal Media Continuum
Match the Medium to the Message
A fundamental challenge
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Common Female Linguistic Styles
Improving Communication Skills
Become an Active, Attentive Listener
Avoid distractions and focus on the speaker
Make sure to understand the main points
Ask questions and signal understanding
Decision Making
in Organizations
Chapter 10
Top-Down vs. Empowered Decisions
Group Influences:
Benefits and Problems
Potential benefits
Pooling of resources
Specialization of labor
Greater acceptance
Potential problems
Wasted time
Disruptive conflict
Intimidation by group leaders
Group vs. Individual
Decision Making
Groupthink:
Definition
The tendency for members of highly cohesive groups to so strongly conform to group pressures regarding a certain decision that they fail to think critically, rejecting the potentially correcting influences of outsiders
Individual Decision Biases
Escalation of Commitment: Continuing to support unsuccessful courses of action – “Sunk Costs”
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